Understanding basic chemistry Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the three particles that make up an atom?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
What is the smallest unit of matter?
Atom
What contains the protons and neutrons of an atom?
Nucleus
What substance can not be changed or broken?
Element
What substance can not be changed or broken?
The number of protons
How much does an element weigh?
About the equivalent to its protons and neutrons
Elements that have the same number of protons but the amount of neutrons changed are called?
Isotopes
How are compounds formed?
When two or more elements have combined
What elements make up the human body?
Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon
What orbits around a nucleus?
Electron shells
How many electrons can the innermost shell next to the nucleus contain?
Two
After the innermost shell, how many electrons can the other shells around a nucleus contain?
8
What is the outpost shell around a nucleus called?
Valence shell
How is an ionic bond created?
When an atom donates one or greater electrons to which the other atom receives them
What are ions?
Charged atoms
What are covalent bonds?
When 2 or greater atoms share electrons
What is an electronegative atom?
When an atom such as oxygen hogs electrons
What are polar covalent bonds?
When electrons are not shared equally
What is hydrophilic?
Ability to interact with water which makes them water loving.
What is amphipathic?
Has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas
What are hydrogen bonds?
Weak bonds between two atoms.
What are Macromolecules that usually have groups of carbon atoms that are covalently bonded to hydrogen, usually oxygen but can be other elements.
Organic compounds
What arethe four types of organic compounds important to human function?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
What is one element that carbon always shares electrons with?
Hydrogen
