Unit 05: System Software: The operating system, utility programs, and file management Flashcards
1
Q
OS?
A
Operating system - a group of programs that control how the computer functions
2
Q
the 3 primary functions of OS?
A
- managing hardware
- managing the software
- managing tasks
3
Q
user interface?
A
the desktop, icons, and menus that let users communicate with the computer
4
Q
what is the 2 most common OS for desktops/laptops?
A
- Microsoft Windows
2. macOS - Apple
5
Q
can Microsoft run on all computing devices?
A
yes
6
Q
single-user/single-task OS?
A
OS’s that are designed for one person to perform one task at a time
7
Q
what do modern OS allow
A
multitasking instead of single-task
8
Q
What kind of OS are Windows and macOS?
A
multitasking OS’s
9
Q
what is the most popular OS for PC? (3)
A
- Microsoft windows
- Apple macOS
- Linux - open source
10
Q
what OS is used for Chromebook devices?
A
google’s chrome OS
11
Q
6 popular operating systems? developed by?
A
- windows - Microsoft
- mac OS - apple PC’s
- iOS - Apple tablets
- android - google
- Linux - open source
- Chrome OS - google
12
Q
utility program?
A
a small program that performs the general housekeeping tasks for a computer to help run it more efficiently
13
Q
Can a utility program stand alone?
A
yes
14
Q
mobile OS?
A
OS for smartphoens and tablets
15
Q
Android?
A
mobile OS for devices designed by Google and samsung
16
Q
iOS?
A
main OS for apple mobile devices
17
Q
Google Chrome OS?
A
a web-based OS that is only available on Chromebooks
18
Q
Linux?
A
a free open-source OS that is designed for PC and web server using
19
Q
is Linux a stable OS?
A
yes
20
Q
distributions/ditros?
A
Linux download packages
21
Q
kernel?
A
code that provides OS basic functionality
22
Q
does it matter what OS is on my computer?
A
yes most application software is OS-dependent
23
Q
Can I have multiple OS’s on one device?
A
yes
24
Q
OS update
a) windows
b) apple
c) android
A
a) delivers automatic OS updates
b) releases periodic new versions
c) update up to user discretion
25
RTOS?
real-time operating system - an OS that allows machinery to perform a repetitive series of tasks in a given time
26
2 examples of devices that require RTOS?
1. pacemaker
| 2. anti-lock braking system in cars
27
multiuser/network OS?
let multiple users access the computer system at once
28
networks?
group of a computer connects to each other so they can share info and communicate
29
server?
the computer that manages the network resources and communications
30
3 examples of network OS?
1. windows server
2. Linux
3. UNIX
31
UNIX?
a) what is it
b) when was it developed
c) who developed it? (2)
a) a multiuser, multitasking network OS
b) 1969
c) Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie
32
is UNIX code proprietary
it wasn't but now it is
33
what computer require multiuser OS? (2)
1. mainframes
| 2. supercomputers
34
examples of mainframe OS?
1. UNX
2. Linux on system z
3. z/OS - IBM
35
what OS does do supercomputers mainly use?
Linux
36
OS analogy?
traffic conductor
37
5 things OS does?
1. provides a user interface
2. manages hardware and peripherals
3. provides consistent interaction between application and CPU
4. manages memory and storage
5. manages processor
38
command-driven interface?
when the user enters commands to communicate with the computer system
39
MS-DOS/DOS?
Microsoft Disk OS - an old OS that used to let users interact with their PC's
40
menu-driven interface?
when users choose commands from menus displayed on the screen
41
GUI?
graphical user interface - display graphics and use point and click tech to establish commands in a more user-friendly manner
42
what type of user interface is used currently by windows and macOS?
GUI
43
GNOME and KDE are examples of
different Linux-based OS user interfaces
44
why do OS's manage CPU?
helps the CPU execute multiple tasks efficiently
45
event?
an action the user inflicts on the hardware - mouse click/keystroke
46
interrupt?
a command that informs OS of a higher priority task that requires immediate action -printing
47
interruption handler?
a numerical code that prioritizes the requests
48
where does the interruption handler put the request?
RAM
49
preemptive multitasking?
when the OS runs tasks of higher priority over tasks of lower priority
50
spooler?
a program that helps to coordinate all printed jobs being sent to a printer at once
51
buffer?
the temporary storage in RAM that contains print requestion while the printer is still in use
52
virtual memory?
the process of optimizing RAM storage by borrowing hard drive space
53
swap file/page file?
a hard drive file where data that hasn't been moved recently temporarily go in order to make space in RAM
54
paging?
the act of swapping the files between the RAM and hard drive swap files
55
thrashing?
the sluggish condition that occurs when there is excessive paging
56
device driver?
facilitates communication between OS and peripheral device
57
PnP?
plug and play - software and hardware standard design that installs the new hardware by including the drivers in the OS that are needed to allow the device to run
58
API?
application programming interface - an interface that gives other programs the code needed for the CPU to recognize them
59
natural language processing?
artificial intelligence that uses software to analyze, understand and generate human language naturally
60
machine-learning?
AI that provides the computer with the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed
61
boot process?
the process of loading the OOS into RAM when the computer is turned on
62
the 4 steps of the boot process
1. activating BIOS
2. performing the POST
3. loading the OS
4. checking further configurations and customizations -
63
BIOS?
basic input/output system - a program that manages data exchange between OS and input/output devices
64
POST?
power-on self-test - checks to make sure essential peripheral devices are operational
65
CMOS?
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor - a special kind of memory that uses basically no power
66
system files?
the main OS files
67
registry?
contains all the different configurations sed by the OSSS and other apps
68
configurations?
settings
69
authentication?
the verification of users login name and password
70
what to do if the boot does work properly?
1. power off then on
2. uninstall recently installed software
3. access windows advanced options menu - F8
4. select "Reset this PC"
5. revert past configurations - system recovery
71
"Reset this PC"
a utility program in windows that attempts to diagnose and fix errors in system files
72
desktop?
the primary working area of a users computer
73
taskbar?
displays open and favourite apps for easy access
74
where is the taskbar located in the windows?
at bottom of the desktop
75
start menu
provides access to apps, setting, and power options
76
pinning?
a process that fewer users choose which apps they wish to be tiled on the start menu
77
Microsoft account?
a registered user profile to log into windows account from any device
78
what is "snapping" windows
the act of fixing open programs into place on either the left or the right side of the screen
79
virtual desktops?
allow the user to organize groups of windows into different displays
80
macs "Docks" is similar to Windows what?
taskbar
81
how integrated are all apple devices to each other?
very tightly
82
Ubuntu?
a Linux user interface that is very similar to window and macOS
83
file management?
provides and organizational structure to the computer's contents
84
hierarchical directory structure?
the way windows organize its content
85
what is the hierarchical directory structure composed of? (5)
1. drives
2. libraries
3. folder
4. subfolder
5. files
86
3 types of storage drives?
1. flash drive
2. optical drive
3. external hard drive
87
rood directory?
large filing cabinet where all the files are stored
88
file?
a collection of programs instructions/data that are stored and treated as a single unit in an OS
89
folder?
a collection of files
90
FIle explorer?
the main tool for finding, viewing, and managing the content of the computer for WIndows
91
the 2 sections of file explorer
1. navigation pane
| 2. file list
92
navigation pane
a) location
b) which OS
c) what does it contain
a) left of the screen
b) windows
c)
1. files stored online in OneDrive
2. storage areas in PC - docs, music, pics, vids
3. quick access area
93
file list?
on the eright where selected contents from navigation pane are located
94
file path?
shows the location of a file
95
music, pictures, videos are all examples of ____ in windows?
libraries
96
path separator?
a) windows
b) macOS
c) Linux and UNIX
a) backslash - \
b) colon - :
c) forward slach - /
97
the 2 ways to view/sort files?
1. details view
| 2. icons view
98
details view?
the most interactive view that displays file/folders in list form with additional file info displayed in columns alongside the file name
99
icon view?
displays as live icons showing files/folders in sizes ranging from small to large
100
which view is better if you have files/folders containing images or videos?
icon view
101
live icons?
allow users to preview the actual contents of a specific folder without opening it
102
C:\Documents\HIS182\Term Paper\Illustrations\ACarneigie.jpg
A - C:\ B - Documents\ C- HIS182\Term Paper\Illustrations\ D- ACarneigie. E- jpg
```
A - drive
B - primary folder
C - subfolders
D - filename
E - extension (file type)
```
103
extension/file type?
identifies what kind of family of all the file belongs to or which app should be used to read the file
104
which OS doesn't require file extensions? (2)
Mac and Linux
105
which OS does require file extensions? (1)
windows
106
.xlsx?
workbook - excel
107
.accdb?
database - access
108
.pdf?
potable document formate - adobe reader
109
.rtf?
text (rich text format)
110
.html/.htm?
a hypertext markup language for web pages
111
.jpg?
joint photographic expert group (JPEG) image
112
.zip?
compressed files
113
recycle Bin?
where files deleted from the hard drive side to be permanently deleted
114
trash?
recycling bin for mac
115
2 ways to recover permanently deleted files?
1. access file history in windows and restore it
| 2. access cloud-based storage systems and see if it's there because they are independent
116
FarStone's RestoreIT and Norton Online Backup are examples of what?
programs meant to retrieved permanently deleted files
117
file compression utility?
a program built into windows meant to compress a group of files
118
WinZip?
stand alone file compression utility program for windows
119
Stufflt?
stand alone file compression utility program for windows and mac
120
zipping a file?
the act of compressing a file
121
dictionary?
a storage unit for repeated patterns fo letter and placeholder of catalogs
122
algorithm?
set of instructions designed to complete a solution in a step by step manner
123
how to restore compressed files?
Click "extract"
124
utility program?
small apps that perform a special function on a computer
125
5 utility programs available for windows
1. disk clean up
2. defragment and optimize drives
3. task manager and resource monitor
4. file history/recovery
5. system restore
126
clean up disk?
removes unneeded files from hard drive
127
task manager?
check on programs and exit unresponsive programs
128
force quit?
helps close out unresponsive apps for mac
129
disk defragmentation?
organizes hard drive folder to allow faster access
130
file history?
backs up important files
131
system restore?
restores the system to a system restore point
132
system restore point?
a previously stable state
133
5 windows access tools?
1. magnifier - magnifying glass
2. narrator - reads out loud
3. speech recognition
4. on-screen keyboard
5. high contrast - easier to see text
