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CIS*1000 > Unit 13: Behind the Scences: How the Interenet works > Flashcards

Unit 13: Behind the Scences: How the Interenet works Flashcards

1
Q

NSF?

A

national science foundation - a government entity that owns a piece of the internet

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2
Q

who pays for the internet?

A

NSF through federal taxes

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3
Q

5 major organizations in internet governance and development

A
  1. internet society
  2. IETF - internet engineering task force
  3. IAB - Internet architecture board
  4. ICANN - internet corporation for assigned names and numbers
  5. W3C - worldwide web consortium
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4
Q

internet backbone?

A

the main paths of the internet, along which data travels the fastest

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5
Q

ISP?

A

internet service provider

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6
Q

OC line?

A

optical carrier line - high-speed fiber-optic line

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7
Q

name and speed of fastest OC line

A

OC-3840 - 200 Gbs

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8
Q

T line?

A

a line that initially connects the backbone and ISPs, carrying data over twisted-pair wires

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9
Q

IXP?

A

internet exchange point - reduce cost and improve speed and efficiency for data exchange due to being made up of multiple network switches

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10
Q

network switch?

A

devices that send data on a specific route through a network

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11
Q

client/server model?

A

most common internet communications model followed to allows for network communication

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12
Q

POP?

A

point of presence - bank of modems, servers, routers, and switches through which users can connect to ISPs simultaneously

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13
Q

3 types of servers

A
  1. web server
  2. commerce servers
  3. file server
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14
Q

web server?

A

computers that run specialized OSs that allow them to host web pages and other info in order to provide it to requesting clients

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15
Q

Commerce server?

A

computers that host servers that enable users to buy good and services over the web

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16
Q

file server?

A

computers that provide remote storage space or act as a storage house for files users have downloaded

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17
Q

computer protocol?

A

set of rules for exchanging electronic info

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18
Q

open system?

A

a system that is made public for access by any interested party

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19
Q

are computer protocols open or proprietary systems?

A

open

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20
Q

proprietary system?

A

closed system

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21
Q

circuit switching? example?

A

a dedicated connection between 2 points that remains active for the duration of the transmission - telephone conversation

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22
Q

packet switching?

A

data is broken into data packets and sent over various routes at the same time then are reassembled by the receiving computer

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23
Q

which one is more efficient

a) circuit switching
b) packet switching

A

b)

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24
Q

what are the min pieces of info a data packet must contain? (4)

A
  1. sending address - where is it going?
  2. originating address - where did it come from?
  3. data being transmitted - the package itself
  4. reassembly instructions
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25
TCP?
transmission control protocol
26
what are the original 2 protocols that were developed for the internet?
1. TCP | 2. IP
27
IP?
internet protocol - protocol responsible for sending info from one computer to another
28
9 TCP/IP protocol suit main protocol? (4 of 9)
1. IP - internet protocol 2. TCP - transmission control protocol 3. UDP - user datagram protocol 4. FTP - tile transfer protocol 5. telnet 6. HTTP/HTTPS - hypertext transfer protocol/security 7. SMTP - simple mail transfer protocol 8. DHCP - dynamic host configuration protocol 9. RTP - real-time transport protocol
29
IP address?
a unique identification number that defines each computer, service, or device connected to the internet
30
ICANN?
internet corporation for assigned names and numbers - a type of registration for IP addresses to ensure they are unique
31
dotted decimal number/dotted quad?
the form of an IP address
32
197.526.57.85 is an example of? what is the form called
IP address - dotted decimal number/dotted quad
33
octet?
the number sections within a dotted decimal number/dotted quad
34
IPv4? a) what is it? b) when was it created
a) internet protocol version 4 - the original IP addressing scheme b) 1981
35
IoT?
internet of things
36
IPv6? a) what is it? b) who developed it? c) purpose?
a) internet protocol version 6 - IP addressing scheme to make IP address longer b) IETF c) to provide more available IP address options
37
hexadecimal digit?
16 base number system providing each hexadecimal digit as 16 possible values - 0 to 9 or A to F
38
XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX: is an example of?
IPv6 address format
39
2 ways a device is assigned an IP address. which one is more common?
1. static addressing - IP address for a computer never changes assigned manually by a network administrator /ISP 2. dynamic addressing - IP address is temporary from an available pool of IP addresses - more common
40
DHCP?
dynamic host configuration protocol - what handles dynamic addressing by taking a pool of IP addresses and sharing them with hosts on the network on an 'as-needed' bases
41
UDP?
user datagram protocol - what creates data packets
42
connection-oriented protocol?
when 2 computers exchange control packs, establishing a parameter of a data-exchange session
43
which one is a connection-oriented protocol? a) TCP b) UTP
a)
44
handshaking process?
the act of establishing a parameter of the data-exchange session before devices can exchange data packets
45
connectionless protocol?
a data exchanging protocol that doesn't require a data-exchange session to be established
46
ACK?
positive acknowledgment - When the receiving devices indicate to the sending devices that the packet has been received
47
NAK?
negative acknowledgment - When the receiving device indicates tot the sending device that the packets has not been received, meaning it must be resent
48
second-level domain?
a domain that is directly below the TLD
49
TLD?
top-level domain
50
who controls domain name registration?
ICANN
51
DNS server?
domain name system server - a server that maintains a database that converts URLs into IP addresses
52
root DNS server?
a server that knows the location of all DNS servers that contain the master listing s of the TLDs
53
internet cache?
section of a users hard drive that stores info that the user may need again
54
internet cache?
section of a users hard drive that stores info that the user may need again
55
HTML tag
surround and define HTML contenet - <>
56
element?
each pair of tags and the text between them -
57
?
hyperlink
58
CSS?
cascading style sheet - list of rules that define in one location how to display HTML elements
59
3 layers of CSS styles
1. external - stores separate files 2. embedded - stores current HTML documents inside 3. inline - stores within a single line inside the HTML document
60
XML?
eXtensible markup language - a markup language that enables designers to define their own data-based tags
61
JSON?
JavaScript Object Notation - popular format used to transfer info between computers
62
HTTP?
hypertext transfer protocol - a protocol meant to transfer hypertext documents across the internet
63
SSL?
secure sockets layer - network security protocol connected to HTTPS - the S part
64
TLS?
transport layer security - an updated extension of SSL providing data integrity and security for transmissions over the internet
65
3 XML custom packages with tags
1. Math ML - , , 2. X3D - , , 3. MusicXML - , , ,
66
server-side program?
a type of program that runs on a web server rather than a computer
67
PHP and .NET are examples of?
popular interfaces for coding server-side programs
68
client-side program?
a program that runs on the client compute ran requires no interaction with a web server
69
HTML embedded scripting language?
a language that tucks programming code directly within HTML of a web page
70
what is the most popular HTML embedded scripting language?
JavaScript
71
applet?
a small application downloaded t client ready to run without additional data transfer
72
DHTML?
dynamic HTML - a combination of HTML, CCS, and JavaScript used to create interactive and lively websites
73
JavaScript?
the scripting language used to create DHTMLs
74
DOM?
document object model - a model used by JavaScript to organize objects and page elements
75
AJAX?
asynchronous JavaScript and XML - group of tech used to facilitate the creation of web app syles
76
SMTP?
simple mail transfer protocol - sends emails along with the internet to their destination
77
email servers?
a specialized computer whose sole function is to store, process, and send emails
78
MIME?
multipurpose internet mail extensions - specification for sending files as attachments to emails
79
encryption?
the process of coding your email so that only the person with the key to the code can decipher the message
80
private-key encryption?
type of encryption where only the two parties involved in sending eh message have the code
81
public-key encryption?
type of encryption where anyone wishing to send a message can then download your public key and cod to send to do so
82
keypair?
two keys created to enable public/private key encryption
83
public key?
a key that is distributed to the public for public messaging use
84
OpenPGP?
open pretty good privacy - enables users to generate key pair to provide a private key for someone and a public key for everyone else - free to use
85
what does a key look like?
a series of bits in which length depends on the security level needed

CIS*1000 (15 decks)

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