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Learning Psych 387 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Reflex

A

A particular behaviour triggered by a particular event.
Reflex = Event + Behaviour

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2
Q

Reflex

A

A particular behaviour triggered by a particular event.
Reflex = Event + Behaviour

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3
Q

Modal Action Pattern (MAP)

A

aka fixed action pattern or species-specific behaviour.

A series of actions found in most members of a species. Low variability

MAP = Releaser + Serial behaviour

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4
Q

Releaser

A

The event that triggers a modal/fixed action pattern

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5
Q

General behaviour traits

A

The tendency to engage in a certain type of behaviour. Great variety and no releasers.

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6
Q

A reflex is a ______ between a ______ and a simple ______.

A

relation
stimulus
behaviour/response

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7
Q

Modal action patterns differ from reflexes in that MAPs involve the ______ organism and are more ______ and ______.

A

entire
complex
variable

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8
Q

The chief problem with natural selection is that it is ______.

A

slow

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9
Q

Natural selection helps the ______ to adapt to change, not the ______.

A

species
individual

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10
Q

Behaviour is anything an organism does that can be ______.

A

measured

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11
Q

Learning

A

a change in behaviour due to a change in experience

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12
Q

Behaviour

A

anything an individual does that can be measured

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13
Q

Experience

A

the environment

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14
Q

Stimuli

A

physical changes in the environment

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15
Q

A stimulus is an environmental event that is capable of affecting ______.

A

behaviour

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16
Q

Habituation

A

the reduced intensity or probability of reflex response because of repeatedly evoking the response

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17
Q

Kuo’s experiment showed that whether cats killed rats depended on whether they saw ________.

A

their mother’s kill rats

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18
Q

reticent

A

controlled, restrained

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19
Q

Cumulative record

A

The measure of behaviour using a pen moving across a sheet of paper. The higher the slope, the higher the rate of behaviour.

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20
Q

If the rate of behaviour is increasing, the slope of the cumulative record ______. A flat record indicates that the behaviour is ______.

A

increases
not occuring

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21
Q

Fluency

A

Number of correct responses per minute

22
Q

Anecdotes

A

Reports of personal experience.
Less specific

23
Q

Case studies

A

Examination of a particular individual with great detail.
Require time and result in generalization.

24
Q

The chief difference between anecdotal and case study evidence is that anecdotal evidence is based on casual ______, whereas case studies ______.

A

observation
examine an individual in detail

25
Q

Descriptive study

A

Attempt to describe a group by collecting member data.
Reduced risk of unrepresented participants and false conclusion
Suggest hypothesis but do not test it.

26
Q

Experimental study

A

measure the effect of manipulating variables

27
Q

Independent variable

A

The experimental variable manipulated by researchers

28
Q

Dependent variable

A

The experimental variable affected by the independent and measured

29
Q

The essential element of a between-subjects design is that the independent variable varies ______ participants.

A

across

30
Q

Between-subjects experiments

A

2+ groups of participants have a varied independent variable between them.
e.g., experimental group, control group

31
Q

Experimental group

A

The group of participants exposed to the independent variable

32
Q

Control group

A

The group not exposed to the independent variable

33
Q

Matched sampling

A

Offsets pre-treatment differences in a experimental group by matching participants with identical features and assigning each to the experimental/control group at random

34
Q

Within-subject experiment

A

experimental design where a participant’s pre-treatment and post-treatment behaviour is measured.

35
Q

Baseline period

A

the pre-treatment measurement of behaviour in a within-subject experiment

36
Q

ABA reversal design

A

used in within-subject experiments to rule out extraneous variables.

The experiment is repeated; participant is sent back to baseline and repeats the experiment.

37
Q

The essential element of a within-subject design is that the independent variable varies ______ participants.

A

within

38
Q

One advantage of animal research is that it provides better control of ______ and ______.

A

hereditary/genetics
learning history/ previous learning

39
Q

The beneficiaries of behavioural research with animals include both ______ and ______.

A

humans
animals

40
Q

Aversive

A

stimuli avoided when given the option; re: animal experiments

41
Q

Computer ______ cannot replace animal research because they are programmed based on findings from animal research.

A

simulations

42
Q

Learning is a ______ in ______ due to ______.

A

change
behaviour
experience

43
Q

The human fondness for sugar and ______ illustrates that behavior that has survival value at one time may be harmful at another time.

A

fat

44
Q

The sight of a chick with an open mouth reliably results in an adult bird
providing food. The chick’s open mouth is an example of a ______.

A

modal action pattern

45
Q

Evolution is the product of ______ and ______.

A

natural selection
time

46
Q

A reflex is a ______ between a specific ______ and a simple response.

A

relationship
experience

47
Q

One example of a general behaviour trait is ______.

A

chick’s open mouth = adult feeding

48
Q

______ is a reduction in the intensity or probability of a reflex
response due to repeated exposure to a stimulus that elicits that response

A

Habituation

49
Q

Learning can be thought of as evolved ______.

A

behaviour

50
Q

The chief limitation of natural selection as a mechanism for coping with
change is that it is ______.

A

slow

51
Q

Darwin likened natural selection to the ______ of animals.

A

selective breeding

Learning Psych 387 (8 decks)

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