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Ob/Peds > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Transient mottling when infant is exposed to decreased temperature

A

Cutis Marmorata

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2
Q

cyanosis of hand and feet in response to cold

A

acrocyanosis (underlying cardiac defect should be expected if more intense in feet)

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3
Q

Whitish, moist, cheeselike substance - mixture of sebum and skin cells on newborn

A

Vernix Caseosa (protective)

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4
Q

Fine, silky hair covering newborn

A

Lanugo (shed within 10-14 days)

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5
Q

Flat, deep pink, localized areas usually seen in back of neck

A

Telangiectactic nevi (stork bites)

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6
Q

Irregular areas of blue/blue-gray pigmentation usually in sacral and gluteal regions (predominantly in african, native american, asian, or latin descent)

A

Dermal Melanocytosis (Mongolian spots)

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7
Q

Pink papular rash with vesicles superimposed

A

Erythema toxicum (may apear 24-48 hours after birth)

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8
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia risk factors

A

breast feeding, hemoltyic disease, infection, cephalhematoma, cutaneous or subcutaneous bleeds

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9
Q

preferred treatment for hyperbiligubinemia

A

Bili lam and bili blanket

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10
Q

Present in 50% of newborns and appears to be an inability of the liver to conjugate bilirubin present in the bloood

A

physiologic jaundice

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11
Q

if jaundice is present in the first 24 hours or it is intense and persistent it is considered

A

pathological

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12
Q

What does tenting indicate

A

dehydration and malnutrition

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13
Q

What is schamroth technique

A

Placing nail surfaces of corresponding fingers together: normal - diamond shaped, Clubbed - angle between distal tips increases

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14
Q

Small, white, discrete papules on the face and bridge of the nose - common during the first 2-3 months

A

Milia (plugged sebaceous glands)

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15
Q

Caused by occlusion of sweat ducts during periods of heat and high humidity

A

Milaria (heat rash)

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16
Q

Scalp lesions that are scaling, adherent, thick, yellow, and crusted

A

Seborrheic dermatitis (cradle crap)

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17
Q

Honey colored crusts caused by staph or strep

A

Impetigo

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18
Q

Tuft of hair overlying the spinal column usually lumbosacral area

A

Faun Tail Nevus (spina bifida occulta)

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19
Q

Evenly pigmented patches present at birth or shortly after

A

Cafe au lait spots (suspect neruofibromatosis if >5 patches >1cm diameter in children under 5)

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20
Q

What is axillary freckling or inguinal freckling associated with

A

neurofibromatosis

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21
Q

periodic cessation of breathing during sleep do to airflow obstruction

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

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22
Q

Which lymph nodes is it NEVER normal to be enlarged in children

A

Supraclavicular

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23
Q

Initial symptoms: pharyngitis, fever, fatigue, malaise. Exam findings: enlarged anterior and posterior cervical chains, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly

A

Infectious Mononucleosis (eptstein-barr virus)

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24
Q

Initial symptoms: sore throat and runny nose, headache, fatigue, and abdominal pains

A

Strep Pharyngitis (throat culture needed to confirm)

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25
Q

Subcutaneous edema, crosses suture lines, MC occiput, soft, poorly defined margins

A

Caput Succedaneum

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26
Q

Subperosteal bleed, does not cross sutures, MC parietal, firm, well-defined edges

A

Cephalhematoma

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27
Q

Premature union of cranial sutures - small head circumference, rigid sutures, misshapen skull

A

craniosynostosis (usually not accompanied by mental retardation)

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28
Q

No ridging, ear on flat side migrates forward, forehead protrudes, bald spot on side flattening

A

Positional head deformity

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29
Q

Palpaple ridge, ears even or ear on flat side appears to be more posterior, forehead does not protrude, no bald spot or central bald spot

A

Craniosynostosis

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30
Q

At what months do the anterior and posterior fontanels close

A

Posterior about 2 mos.

Anterior about 24 mos.

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31
Q

What condition results from a hematoma that can be palpated shortly after birth and becomes a fibrous mass 2-3 weeks later

A

torticollis (wry neck)

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32
Q

which condition elicits setting sun sign (sclera visible above the iris)

A

hydrocephalus (enlarged head, bossing, widening of sutures and fontanels)

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33
Q

Softening of the skull, demonstrated by pressing the bone along the suture line

A

craniotabes - associated with rickets and hydrocelphalus

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34
Q

Asymmetry of facial features

A

Bell’s Palsy

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35
Q

Depressed nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, mongolian slant of eyes, low set ears, large tongue

A

down syndrome

36
Q

Smooth philtrum, widespread eyes, hirsute forehead, short nose, thin upper lip

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

37
Q

Widely spaced eyes - may be associated with mental retardation

A

Hypertelorism

38
Q

Loss of functional pupil, often associated with other congenital abnormalities

A

coloboma “keyhole pupil”

39
Q

White specks in a linear pattern around the circumference of the iris

A

Brushfield spots (suggests down syndrome)

40
Q

Congenital non-progressive horizontal opthalmoplegia primarily affecting the abducens nucleus and nerve and lateral recuts muscle

A

Duane syndrome

41
Q

Eye chart used for children usually about 3 years old

A

Snellen E chart

42
Q

What might a 2 line difference (20/50 and 20/30) indicate

A

Amblyopia

43
Q

At what age is 20/20 vision expected. At what age is it 20/50

A

6 yo

3 yo

44
Q

Congenital malignant tumor initially recognized from a white reflex

A

retinoblastoma

45
Q

What should the tip of the auricle cross in an infant

A

imaginary line between outer canthus of eye and the prominent portion of EOP

46
Q

What are poorly shaped auricles associated with

A

renal disorders and congenital abnormalities

47
Q

Itching of ear canal, intense pain with movement of pinna, discharge may be watery at first, then purulent and thick mixed with pus and epithelial cells, conductive hearing loss

A

Otitis externa

48
Q

Infection of the middle ear, fever, feeling of blockage, deep-seated earache, discharge if tympanum ruptures, conductive hearing loss

A

Bacterial Otitis Media

49
Q

Collection of liquid in the middle ear, cracking sound when yawning, pain is uncommon, feeling of fullness, discharge is uncommon, conductive hearing loss

A

Otitis media with effusion

50
Q

Congenital nasal obstruction of the posterior nares

A

Choanal atresia (will breathe when crying)

51
Q

Which sinuses are developed at birth

A

maxillary and ethmoidal (sphenoid not till puberty, frontal sinus not until 7-8 yo)

52
Q

appear along buccal of the gums, pearl-like cysts, disappear in 1-2 months

A

Retention cysts (epstein pearls)

53
Q

Multiple brown caries on upper and lower incisors

A

Baby bottle syndrome (bedtime bottle of juice/milk)

54
Q

Enamel dysplasia

A

Mottled or pitted teeth (d/t tetracycline treatment during tooth development)

55
Q

unconscious grinding of the teeth

A

bruxism

56
Q

Caused by haemophilus influenzae type B, most common in 3-7 yo, croupy cough, sore throat, appears anxious, tripod position

A

epiglottitis

57
Q

autosomal recessive exocrine glands, frequent pulmonary infections, sticky foul stool, tastes salty

A

cystic fibrosis

58
Q

Cartilage of larynx is floppy, larynx closes in response to varying pressures of inspiration and expiration resulting in noisy breathing

A

Laryngomalacia

59
Q

RSV, MC

A

bronchiolitis

60
Q

Parainfluenza virus, very young, boys > girls, often begins in evening after child has gone to sleep, harsh stridorous cough (bark of seal)

A

croup

61
Q

COPD characterized by airway inflammation, mucosal edema, increased secretions, bronchoconstriction

A

athsma

62
Q

inflammatory response of the bronchioles and alveolar space to an infective agent, exudates lead to consolidation

A

Pneumonia

63
Q

inflammation of the mucus of the bronchial tube with fever and chest pain

A

acute bronchitis

64
Q

In fetal circualation blood travels directly from R to L atrium through this

A

foramen ovale

65
Q

In fetal circulation RV pumps blood through thIS

A

ductus arteriosus

66
Q

Leads to increased workload for RV and increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation, Machinery murmur (harsh, loud, continuous murmur, 1-3rd intercostal space,

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

67
Q

Apical impulse location in infant and age it reaches adult position

A

3rd-5th intercostal, age 7

68
Q

MC on left side, shifts heart to the right

A

diaphragmatic hernia

69
Q

If consistently above this percentile in BP it is considered severe and could be renal disease, renal artery disease, or coarctation of aorta

A

95th

70
Q

Narrowing in a portion of the aorta, MC descending arch near origin of left sublcavian artery

A

coarcation of the aorta

71
Q

Oxygenated blood leaks from the LA to the RA

A

atrial septal defect

72
Q

Allows oxygenated blood to leak from left ventricle into the right (holosystolic murmur)

A

ventricular septal defect

73
Q

Pulmonary valve stenosis, RV hypertrophy, overriding aorta, VSD

A

tetralogy of fallot

74
Q

What are “tet spells”

A

central cyanosis, paraxysmal dyspnea with loss of conciousness

75
Q

Complication of strep, pharangitis, CT disease, may result in cardiac mitral or aortic valve involvement

A

Acute rheumatic fever (5-15)

76
Q

fever, conjunctivitis, rash, strawberry tongue MC

A

kawasaki disease

77
Q

midline separation of recuts abdominis usually resolves by 6 yo

A

Diastasis recti

78
Q

MC intraabdominal tumor in childhood, malignant,

A

Nephroblastoma

79
Q

Absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a segment of the colon… no peristalsis

A

Hirschprung Diseease (congenital aganglionic megacolon)

80
Q

Sausage, shaped mass in left or right upper quadrant, MC 3-12 mos, etiology unknown

A

intussusception (ABCDEF)

81
Q

Olive-shaped mass in upper RQ immediately after the infant vomits

A

pyloric stenosis

82
Q

hypertrophy of the circular pylorus or obstruction of the pyloric sphincter, projectile vomiting, feeding irregularly

A

Pyloric Stenosis

83
Q

relaxation or incompetence of the lower esophagus persisting beyond the newborn period, regurgitation and vomiting, weight loss, failure to thrive, repsiratory problems

A

Gastroesophageal reflux

84
Q

Congenital obstruction or absence of some or all of the bile duct system, jaundice, hepatomegaly, abdominal distention

A

biliary atresia

85
Q

Thickening and hardenin gof meconium in lower intestine - intestinal obstruction, failure to pass meconium 1st 24 hours after birth must consider cystic fibrosis

A

meconium ileus

86
Q

Outpouching of the ileum, MC congenital anomaly of the GI tract

A

Meckel diverticulum

Ob/Peds (1 decks)

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