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Pediatrics > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is motor control?

A

-the control and organization of processes underlying movement; that is already aquired

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2
Q

What is motor learning?

A

-the acquisition of skill through practice and experience; also includes the modification of movement

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3
Q

What is motor development?

A

-the age related process to changes in motor behavrio; the ability to perform certain activities based on normal developement

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4
Q

What position do most infants start out in?

A

-Physiological flexion

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5
Q

What do infants gain first, antigravity extension or flexion?

A

-Antigravity extension

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6
Q

Which direction to most infants learn to roll first?

A

-prone to supine, then supine to prone

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7
Q

In what direction does motor control develop?

A

-head to toes

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8
Q

What develops first, mobility or stability?

A

-mobility; this is why infants are able to move arms and legs before they are able to support their head

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9
Q

What are the 3 phases of stability development?

A

-Structural stability, positional stability, Internal stability

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10
Q

What is structural stability due to?

A

-tissue tightness; ex: physiological flexion

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11
Q

What is positional stability?

A

-the use of body parts to gain a larger base of supprt

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12
Q

What is internal stability?

A

-include righting reactions and equilibrium

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13
Q

As an infant develops posture, what happens to the base of support and ROM?

A

-BOS decreases; ROM increases

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14
Q

What is needed if the child does not develop internal stability?

A

-external stability

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15
Q

What is controlled mobility?

A

-the utilization of mobility and stability for functional tasks

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16
Q

What is skill?

A

-the use of controlled mobility, mobility, and stability to interact with an object while maintaining a position

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17
Q

How does posture present early in infancy?

A

-Assymetrically

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18
Q

When does posture become more symmetrical?

A

-about 4 months

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19
Q

What develops after symetrical posture/movement?

A

-controlled assymetry

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20
Q

What type of contractures are normal in infants?

A

-Flexion contractures

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21
Q

How Should posture present in infants?

A

-flexion like in womb, hands fisted, head in midline and the child should be visually aware

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22
Q

If an infants hands are too tightly fisted, what might this indicate?

A

-A nuerologic impairment

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23
Q

What should a child be able to do with their head in early infancy?

A

-move it side to side to clear their airway

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24
Q

A baby before before what week of gestation is considered premature?

A

-37 weeks

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25
Q

How will a premature infants posture differ from those born at normal gestation?

A

-They show decreased physiological flexion, and low muscle tone

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26
Q

What do premature infants have a limited ability to do?

A

-Self calm

27
Q

What is an issue with preemies being place in the prone position?

A

-They have limited ability to move their head to clear their airway

28
Q

What type of skills are poor in preemies?

A

-feeding

29
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A

-Appearance (skin color), Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration

30
Q

How do you score Appearance on the APGAR?

A

-0= pale or blue; 1= body normal, extremities blue; 2= normal

31
Q

How do you score Pulse on the APGAR?

A

-0=absent; 1= < 100; 2= >100

32
Q

How do you score Grimace on the APGAR?

A

-0= no response; 1= grimace; 2=cry

33
Q

How do you score Activity (muscle tone) on the APGAR?

A

-0= limp; 1= some reflexes of extremities; 2= active motion

34
Q

How do you score Respiration on the APGAR?

A

-0=absent; 1= slow and irregular; 2=good and strong

35
Q

What is = the best possible condition on the APGAR?

A

-1-

36
Q

An APGAR score below what indicates a high risk infant?

A

-7

37
Q

An APGAR score of what indicates the need for supplemental oxygen?

A

-5 to 7

38
Q

A score of what on the APGAR indicates severe asphyxia and the need for resuscitation?

A
  • equal or less than 2
39
Q

The APGAR score at what time is a large predictor of the chance of survival and possible neurological damage?

A

-5 minutes

40
Q

When are neonatal reflexes integrated?

A

-in the womb

41
Q

When do neonatal reflexes typically appear?

A

-at the end of the second trimester

42
Q

When do equilibrium reactions normally appear?

A

-at 4 to 6 months in prone and supine

43
Q

When do equilibrium reactions mature?

A

-4 to 6 years

44
Q

Moving the COM inside the BOS is considered what type of reaction?

A

-Righting

45
Q

Moving the COM outside the BOS is considered what type of reaction?

A

-equilibrium

46
Q

What is the order at which equilibrium actions occur?

A

-Prone, Supine, Side-lying, sitting, quad, knelling, standing

47
Q

When does equilibrium reactions appear in prone?

A
  • 6 months
48
Q

When does equilibrium reactions appear in Supine?

A

-7 months

49
Q

When does equilibrium reactions appear in sitting?

A

-8 months

50
Q

When does equilibrium reactions appear in quad?

A

-9 months

51
Q

When does equilibrium reactions appear in standing?

A

-12 months

52
Q

When should a child be able to assume the prone on elbows position?

A

-2 to 3 months

53
Q

When should a child be able to roll from supine to side lying?

A

-3 to 4 months

54
Q

What 4 normal gross motor milestones should occur at 5 months?

A
  • pull to sit without head lag; rolling prone to supine, feet to mouth, self supported sitting propped forward on arms
55
Q

What for gross motor mile stones normally appear at 6 to 7 months?

A

-rolling supine to prone, sitting without support, sitting equilibrium reaction (forward), transition from quad to sitting,

56
Q

What else normally starts to develop at 6 to 7 months?

A

-fine motor skills

57
Q

What four motor milestones occur at 8 to 9 months?

A

-Cruising sideways, sitting equilibrium side ways, creeping, pulls to stand

58
Q

What four motor mile stones occur at 10-11 months?

A

-sitting equilirium (backward), Standing alone briefly, creeps up stairs, walks with hand held for assistance

59
Q

What motor mile stones occur at 12-15 months?

A

-walking independently, squats to play and returns to standing

60
Q

What motor milestones occur at 16-18 months?

A

-runs stiffly, walks up and down stairs with hand rail and step to pattern

61
Q

What motor milestones occur at 2-2.5 years?

A

-walks backward, walks up and down stairs with step through pattern

62
Q

What motor milestones occur at 3 years?

A

-emering adult like gait, jumps with two ffet together, able to rise onto toes and maintains

63
Q

What motor milestones occur at 4 years?

A

-can ambulate on stairs without support and step through gait pattern, tandem walking

64
Q

What motor milestones occur at 5 years?

A

-skipping, SLS for 10 seconds, hop on one foot 8-10x, mature throwing pattern

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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