Unit 10

Question 1

During what time frame of gestation does the heart develop?

Answer 1

• 1 to 4 weeks

Question 2

During what time frame of gestation does the atria and ventricular septum begin to divide the heart?

Answer 2

-5 weeks

Question 3

What time frame of gestation do you begin to hear heart sounds?

Answer 3

-8 to 10 weeks

Question 4

What shunts the blood away from the the pulmonary system in a fetus?

Answer 4

-the foramen ovale

Question 5

During what time frame of gestation do the lung buds begin to develop?

Answer 5

-22 to 26 days

Question 6

At what point during gestation do type II alveolar cells begin to produce surfactant?

Answer 6

-23 weeks

Question 7

During what time frame do the lung have enough surfactant to be sufficient for breathing after birth?

Answer 7

-36 to 38 weeks

Question 8

How does a new born breath?

Answer 8

-diaphragmatic nose breather

Question 9

By 12 months of age, what does the child develop to assist them in breathing?

Answer 9

-use of intercostals, abdominals and other accesory muscles

Question 10

What causes Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

Answer 10

-babies being born premature and not having enough surfactant

Question 11

What are some signs and symptoms of Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

Answer 11

-rapid/shallow breathing, inflaring of the soft tissue, grunting sounds, flaring of the nostrils

Question 12

What causes Bronchopulmonary displasia?

Answer 12

-chronic inflammation and destruction of airways, lung parenchyma and alveolar membranes

Question 13

What does bronchopulmonary dysplasia result in?

Answer 13

-COPD

Question 14

What treatment of RDS causes BPD?

Answer 14

-O2 supplementation, CPAP or ventilation

Question 15

What effects for BPD have on the heart?

Answer 15

-It causes the RV to have to work harder to pump blood through the pulmonary system and cause RV hypertrophy and can lead to failure

Question 16

Why does BPD impair growth?

Answer 16

-Breathing becomes inefficient and consumes more calories

Question 17

What is the pathophysiology of COPD?

Answer 17

-an absent or failed chloride ion channel which causes increased sodium absorption (pulls more water into cells leaving mucous more viscous)

Question 18

What gender does CF affect more?

Answer 18

-NEITHER (it affects them the same)

Question 19

What other systems besides the respiratory system does CF effect?

Answer 19

-GI, Hepatic and Male Reproductive

Question 20

What is the average life span of someone with CF?

Answer 20

-20 to 30 years

Question 21

CF is one of the leading causes of what?

Answer 21

-bronchiectasis

Question 22

Why do older people with CF cough up blood?

Answer 22

-CF thins the alveolar walls

Question 23

What causes the foramen ovale to close after birth?

Answer 23

-A pressure shift from the LV to RV

Question 24

What causes an atrial septal defect?

Answer 24

-Failure of the Foramen ovale to close

Question 25

When does surgery to correct ASD take place?

Answer 25

-between 2 and 3 years old

Question 26

How does Ventricular Septal Defect impair the pulmonary system?

Answer 26

-blood flows back into the RV increasing the pressure going to the pulmonary system, leading to leakage of fluid into the lungs

Question 27

Many times a VSD will resolve on its own, but if surgery is required, when is it performed?

Answer 27

-between 5 and 7 years

Question 28

What 4 conditions make up the Tetrology of Fallot?

Answer 28

-VSD, Pulmonary Stenosis, Overriding aorta, RV hypertrophy

Question 29

What are the S&S of tetrology of fallot?

Answer 29

-clubbing of fingers, cyanosis, difficulty feeding, failure to gain weight, passing our, poor development

Question 30

what does tetrology of fallot normally present with?

Answer 30

-A heart murmu

Question 31

What is hypoplastic left heart syndrome?

Answer 31

-a smell left ventricle and or mitral and aortic atresia (no valves)

Question 32

What does a heart transplant lead to and how does it affect HR?

Answer 32

-It leads to a denervated heart, cannot use HR to exericise testing.. must use RPE

Question 33

What is primary Prevention?

Answer 33

-eliminating health problems for at risk population by providing health promotion

Question 34

What is secondary prevention?

Answer 34

-Reducing the severity, duration and number of health outcomes by early diagnosis of the target condition, and providing effective intervention

Question 35

What is tertiary prevention?

Answer 35

-Reducing the impact of disability through rehabilitation

Question 36

Of the recommended 60 minutes of physical activity that is recommended for children a day, what type of activity should make up the most of it?

Answer 36

-aerobic activity (60%)

Question 37

What criterion referenced physical fitness outcome measure can be adapted to those with disabilities?

Answer 37

-The brockport physical fitness test

Question 38

What must you screen for before starting an exercise program for a child with disabilities?

Answer 38

-HTN

Question 39

What should you use as a HRMax for a child with CP?

Answer 39

-194