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Pediatrics > Unit 10 > Flashcards

Unit 10 Flashcards

1
Q

During what time frame of gestation does the heart develop?

A
  • 1 to 4 weeks
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2
Q

During what time frame of gestation does the atria and ventricular septum begin to divide the heart?

A

-5 weeks

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3
Q

What time frame of gestation do you begin to hear heart sounds?

A

-8 to 10 weeks

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4
Q

What shunts the blood away from the the pulmonary system in a fetus?

A

-the foramen ovale

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5
Q

During what time frame of gestation do the lung buds begin to develop?

A

-22 to 26 days

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6
Q

At what point during gestation do type II alveolar cells begin to produce surfactant?

A

-23 weeks

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7
Q

During what time frame do the lung have enough surfactant to be sufficient for breathing after birth?

A

-36 to 38 weeks

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8
Q

How does a new born breath?

A

-diaphragmatic nose breather

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9
Q

By 12 months of age, what does the child develop to assist them in breathing?

A

-use of intercostals, abdominals and other accesory muscles

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10
Q

What causes Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

A

-babies being born premature and not having enough surfactant

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11
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

A

-rapid/shallow breathing, inflaring of the soft tissue, grunting sounds, flaring of the nostrils

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12
Q

What causes Bronchopulmonary displasia?

A

-chronic inflammation and destruction of airways, lung parenchyma and alveolar membranes

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13
Q

What does bronchopulmonary dysplasia result in?

A

-COPD

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14
Q

What treatment of RDS causes BPD?

A

-O2 supplementation, CPAP or ventilation

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15
Q

What effects for BPD have on the heart?

A

-It causes the RV to have to work harder to pump blood through the pulmonary system and cause RV hypertrophy and can lead to failure

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16
Q

Why does BPD impair growth?

A

-Breathing becomes inefficient and consumes more calories

17
Q

What is the pathophysiology of COPD?

A

-an absent or failed chloride ion channel which causes increased sodium absorption (pulls more water into cells leaving mucous more viscous)

18
Q

What gender does CF affect more?

A

-NEITHER (it affects them the same)

19
Q

What other systems besides the respiratory system does CF effect?

A

-GI, Hepatic and Male Reproductive

20
Q

What is the average life span of someone with CF?

A

-20 to 30 years

21
Q

CF is one of the leading causes of what?

A

-bronchiectasis

22
Q

Why do older people with CF cough up blood?

A

-CF thins the alveolar walls

23
Q

What causes the foramen ovale to close after birth?

A

-A pressure shift from the LV to RV

24
Q

What causes an atrial septal defect?

A

-Failure of the Foramen ovale to close

25
Q

When does surgery to correct ASD take place?

A

-between 2 and 3 years old

26
Q

How does Ventricular Septal Defect impair the pulmonary system?

A

-blood flows back into the RV increasing the pressure going to the pulmonary system, leading to leakage of fluid into the lungs

27
Q

Many times a VSD will resolve on its own, but if surgery is required, when is it performed?

A

-between 5 and 7 years

28
Q

What 4 conditions make up the Tetrology of Fallot?

A

-VSD, Pulmonary Stenosis, Overriding aorta, RV hypertrophy

29
Q

What are the S&S of tetrology of fallot?

A

-clubbing of fingers, cyanosis, difficulty feeding, failure to gain weight, passing our, poor development

30
Q

what does tetrology of fallot normally present with?

A

-A heart murmu

31
Q

What is hypoplastic left heart syndrome?

A

-a smell left ventricle and or mitral and aortic atresia (no valves)

32
Q

What does a heart transplant lead to and how does it affect HR?

A

-It leads to a denervated heart, cannot use HR to exericise testing.. must use RPE

33
Q

What is primary Prevention?

A

-eliminating health problems for at risk population by providing health promotion

34
Q

What is secondary prevention?

A

-Reducing the severity, duration and number of health outcomes by early diagnosis of the target condition, and providing effective intervention

35
Q

What is tertiary prevention?

A

-Reducing the impact of disability through rehabilitation

36
Q

Of the recommended 60 minutes of physical activity that is recommended for children a day, what type of activity should make up the most of it?

A

-aerobic activity (60%)

37
Q

What criterion referenced physical fitness outcome measure can be adapted to those with disabilities?

A

-The brockport physical fitness test

38
Q

What must you screen for before starting an exercise program for a child with disabilities?

A

-HTN

39
Q

What should you use as a HRMax for a child with CP?

A

-194

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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