Unit 1 - Biochemistry

Question 1

Covalent Bonds

Answer 1

The interatomic linkage that results from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms.

Question 2

Ionic Bonds

Answer 2

A chemical bond formed when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom.

Question 3

Polar

Answer 3

A bond between two or more atoms is polar if the atoms have significantly different electronegativities (>0.4).

Question 4

Non-Polar

Answer 4

Unlike polar bonds, non-polar bonds share electrons equally. A bond between two atoms or more atoms is non-polar if the atoms have the same electronegativity or a difference in electronegativities that is less than 0.4.

Question 5

Adhesion

Answer 5

Stick to something else. Water molecules that are attracted to other polar substances.

Question 6

Cohesion

Answer 6

Stick to each other. Water molecules that are attached to other water substances.

Question 7

Protein

Answer 7

A protein is a naturally occurring, extremely complex substance that consists of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds.

Question 8

Ion

Answer 8

An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons. When an ion loses electrons they become Pawsitive, called cations. And anions are negative.

Question 9

Isotopes

Answer 9

A variant of a chemical element. It contains the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

Question 10

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 10

A hydrogen bond is a weak to moderate attractive force that occurs between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom (like oxygen or nitrogen) and another electronegative atom.

Question 11

Acids/Bases

Answer 11

Substances that donate protons (H⁺ ions) in a solution. They typically have a sour taste

Question 12

Specific Heat

Answer 12

Specific heat is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin).

Question 13

Polymer

Answer 13

A subunit of monomers connected in a chain.

Question 14

Monomer

Answer 14

A subunit used to build polymers.

Question 15

Nucleic Acid

Answer 15

Large biomolecules that play an essential roles in viruses and cells.

Question 16

Electrons

Answer 16

electron
Negatively charged subatomic; primarily distributes electricity.

Question 17

Atom

Answer 17

Fundamental unit of matter. It forms various elements, compounds, and forms of life.

Question 18

Element

Answer 18

A chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.

Question 19

Proton

Answer 19

Positively charged atom, similar magnitude of the electron but opposite charge.

Question 20

Neutron

Answer 20

A subatomic without a charge. Its mass however equals that of the proton.

Question 21

Mole

Answer 21

A unit of measurement. The amount of pure substance containing the same number of chemical units.

Question 22

Molarity

Answer 22

The # of moles solute per one liter of solution. (The symbol a capital M)

Question 23

Molar Mass

Answer 23

The ratio between the mass and the amount of a substance of any sample compound. (The sum of the elements.)

Question 24

Carbohydrate

Answer 24

Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Source of energy, fruits, veggies, dairy products.

Question 25

Lipid

Answer 25

Organic compounds that includes fatty acids that are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic substances. (e.g natural oils)

Question 26

Nucleic acid

Answer 26

Subtance present in DNA or RNA whose moleclues are linked in a long chain consisting of many nucleotides.

Question 27

Isomers

Answer 27

Different structural formula same chemical formula. (See: Glucose, and Fructose)

Question 28

Conformation

Answer 28

Molecules can take different shapes based on the atoms and their bond angles. Sometimes the same molecule can have different shapes. Those shapes are called conformations.

Question 29

Hydrolysis

Answer 29

A process of breaking down a chemical compound that involves splitting a bond and adding the elements of water to the resulting molecular fragments.

Question 30

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 30

The process of forming a new compound. The loss of water, which binds smaller structures together.

Question 31

Hydrocarbon chains

Answer 31

Long chain of carbons with hydrogen. (Seen in Lipids)

Question 32

Saturated/Unsaturated

Answer 32

A physical or chemical situation where a system can take no more of a substance. Unsaturated: having carbon–carbon double or triple bonds and therefore not containing the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms for the number of carbons.

Question 33

Nucleotide

Answer 33

Building block of DNA and RNA. Made out of a phosphate group.

Question 34

Density

Answer 34

The qauntity of something per unit.

Question 35

Surface Tension

Answer 35

Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible.

Question 36

Organic

Answer 36

They all have Carbon and Hydrogen in them.

Question 37

Inorganic

Answer 37

Ionic or covalent, no CH groups.

Question 38

Amino Acids

Answer 38

All amino Acids have N3H and COOH.

Question 39

Functional Groups

Answer 39

Are parts of molecules that affect the types of interactions molecules can have with other molecules, and they affect the shape of the molecule. (e.g Carboxyl, Amino)

Question 40

DNA

Answer 40

Double helix, deoxyribose missing an oxygen. Has a sugar group w/ a 2' hydrogen. Contains Thymine.

Question 41

RNA

Answer 41

Single strand, used to transport instructions. Has a OH. Contains Urcail.

Question 42

Peptide

Answer 42

A chain of the monomer amino acids.

Question 43

Peptide bond

Answer 43

Covalent bond that links two amino acids.

Question 44

Alpha helix

Answer 44

One of the two most common shapes of a secondary protein. Helical shape. Hydrogen bond between backbone structure. Carboxyl and amine thats 4 resides ahead leads to the helical shape.

Question 45

Beta Pleated

Answer 45

Formed by carboxyl and amide of adjacent strands. parallel or antiparallel arrangments.

Question 46

Directionality

Answer 46

The orientation or polarity of molecules. In Protiens N and C terminus and in Nucleic acids the 5' and 3' ends.

Question 47

R-Groups

Answer 47

In biology, an "R group" refers to the side chain of an amino acid, which is the variable. Essentially, it represents the "rest of the molecule" beyond the core structure, as well as unique properties.

Question 48

Hydrophobic

Answer 48

Afraid of water.

Question 49

Hydrophilic

Answer 49

Attracted to water.

Question 50

Glycerol

Answer 50

Serves as a backbone for phospholipids. with 3 fatty acids. (Remember unsaturated has one double bond.)