Unit 1: Chemistry of Life

Question 1

What is a dipole? And what structure does it cause in water?

Answer 1

Uneven distribution of electron causing polarity in water

Question 2

What are the 5 properties of water?

Answer 2

-Surface tension
-High heat capacity
-Ice is less dense than liquid water
-Capillary action
-Natural solvent

Question 3

Adhesion

Answer 3

Water interacting with other polar molecules

Question 4

Cohesion

Answer 4

Water interacting with water

Question 5

How does adhesion and cohesion cause capillary action in plants?

Answer 5

Water is able to climb up walls of surface through adhesion and cohesion allows the water to travel up

Question 6

natural solvent

Answer 6

dissolves other polar molecules

Question 7

hydrophilic

Answer 7

polar molecules

Question 8

hydrophobic

Answer 8

nonpolar molecules

Question 9

What are the four different kinds of macromolecules?

Answer 9

-Carbohydrates
-Proteins
-Lipids
-Nucleic Acids

Question 10

What happens in the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 10

Polypeptide chain forms and peptide bond between carbon and nitrogen of r-groups

Question 11

What happens in the secondary structure of a protein?

Answer 11

Polypeptide begins to fold forming an alpha helix and beta sheet. And hydrogen bond between r-groups

Question 12

What happens during the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 12

Hydrogen bonds form and nonpolar interactions begin. Ionic bonds form and covalent bonds to provide structural support. And disulfide bridge between two sulfurs

Question 13

How is glucose stored in plants?

Answer 13

Starches and cellulose

Question 14

How is glucose stored in humans?

Answer 14

Glycogen and chitin (fungi)

Question 15

What is the purpose of saturated fatty acids?

Answer 15

Easier to stack in the body and provide structural support

Question 16

What is the purpose of unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 16

More fluid but, harder to stack because of randomly placed kinks

Question 17

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

Answer 17

A polar head and nonpolar fatty acid tails

Question 18

What are the two kinds of nucleic acids?

Answer 18

DNA and RNA

Question 19

What are the characteristics of DNA?

Answer 19

-Energy source ATP
-Base pairs A-T C-G
-Structure double helix

Question 20

What are the characteristics of RNA?

Answer 20

-Energy source GTP
-Base pairs A-U C-G
-Structure single strand

Question 21

What is the sugar base for DNA?

Answer 21

Deoxyribose

Question 22

What is the sugar base for RNA?

Answer 22

Ribose

Question 23

Dehydration Reaction

Answer 23

creating macromolecules by taking water from reactants

Question 24

Hydrolysis Reaction

Answer 24

breaking macromolecules by using water