Unit 6: Gene Expression and Regulation

Question 1

What are the characteristics of a prokaryote?

Answer 1

-Single celled
-no nucleus
-no membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

What are the characteristics of a eukaryotes?

Answer 2

-has a nucleus
-multi cellular

Question 3

Process of protein synthesis in prokaryotes

Answer 3

1. DNA
2. RNA Transcript
3. 3.) Polypeptide

Question 4

Process of protein synthesis in eukaryotes

Answer 4

1.DNA
2. Pre-mRNA strand
3. mRNA
4. polypeptide

Question 5

Transcription

Answer 5

-location nucleus
-purpose read DNA and create pre-mRNA strand
-enzyme RNA polymerase

Question 6

Process of transcription

Answer 6

1. RNA polymerase binds to promotor region
2. RNA polymerase relaxes supercoil breaking hydrogen bonds
3. Reads DNA template
4. Binds RNA nucleotides together

Question 7

What is the benefit of unnecessary coding?

Answer 7

-Protects the actual coding
-structural support

Question 8

RNA Processing

Answer 8

-location nucleus
-turns pre-mRNA strand into mRNA by getting rid of coding

Question 9

Process of RNA Processing

Answer 9

1. 5’cap and Poly-A-Tail is added to mRNA
2. splicesosomes remove introns and binds exons together

Question 10

Translation

Answer 10

-location cystsol or rough er -purpose turns mRNA to polypeptide chain

Question 11

What is the function of each site of a ribosome?

Answer 11

-A Site where trna enter ribosome
-P Site where enlongation of polypeptide occurs
-E Site where tRNA exits the ribosome

Question 12

Process of Translation

Answer 12

1. Initation
   -5’cap binds to small subunit
   -large subunit attaches
   2.trna scans for the start codon
   -trna with correct anticodon enter ribosome
   -base pairs with mRNA codons
2. Enlongation
   -ribosomes reads mRNA
   -trna enters a-site
   -adds amino acids to p-site
3. Termination
   -ribosomes read for stop codon
   -release factor enter a-site and base pairs with stop codon

Question 13

Where does DNA replication happen in prokaryotes and eukaryotes cells?

Answer 13

-prokaryotes cytosol
-eukaryote nucleus

Question 14

Leading strand

Answer 14

DNA replication is moving towards the replication fork

Question 15

Lagging strand

Answer 15

DNA replication is moving away from replication fork

Question 16

Process of DNA replication

Answer 16

1. Pre-pahse topiosomerase relaxes supercoil
   -helicase splits double helix
2. Initation
   -RNA primase adds RNA primers to 3’ end
   -dna polymerase attaches
3. Replication
   -DNA polymerase reads DNA 3’ to 5’ and synthesizes 5’ to 3’
4. DNA ligase
   -binds the fragments on the lagging strand
5. RNA primers replaced with DNA