Flashcards in Unit 1: Lecture Things Deck (86):
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Body planes
Transverse, frontal, saggital, oblique, median
1
Classification of bones
Long, short, flat, irregular, sesame is
2
Joints
Synovial, fibrous, cartilaginous
3
Synovial joints
Pivot, ball and socket, hinge, saddle, condyloid, plane
4
Fibrous joint
Syndesmosis, suture, gomphosis
5
Cartilaginous
Primary (epiphysial plate), secondary (intervertebral disc)
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Shape of muscle
Flat, pennate, fusiform, quadrate, circular or sphincteral
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Functions of lymphatic system
Drain tissue fluids, absorb and transport fat, formation of defense mechanism for body
8
Extrinsic back muscles
Trapezius, latissimus Dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids
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Triangle of auscultation
Vertebral border of scapula, superior border of latissimus, lateral border of trapezius
10
Extrinsic intermediate muscles of back
Serratus posterior superior and inferior
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Intrinsic muscles of back
Splenius, erector spinal, transverse spinal
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Transversospinalis group
Semispinalis, multifidus, rotators
13
Joints of vertebrae
Facet (zygapophysial) between articulate facets
Fibrocartilaginous (symphasis) intervertebral discs
14
Disc most prone to rupture
Limbo-sacral joint, tear in annulus fibrosis
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Pars interarticularis
Region of lamina between superior and inferior facets
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Spondylolysis
Fracture of pars portion of vertebrae
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Spondylolisthesis
Vertebrae shift forward due to instability from pars defect
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Scottie dog image
Refers to spondylolysis break
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There is no ligament between what?
The pedi led. Because of intervetebral formina and emergence of spinal nerves
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Ligamentous nuchae
Serves as attachment of cervical muscles
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Needle passage through which layers in spinal tap
Supra and interspinous ligaments, through ligamenta flava (pop), epidural space, dura, arachnoid, subarachnoid space
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Pia 2 shock cords?
Denticulate ligaments, filamentum terminal
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Grey matter
Consists of nerve cell bodies and unmylinated nerves
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White matter
Consists of myelinated axons for communication up and down the column
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Types of nerves
Somatic sensory, somatic motor, visceral sensory, visceral motor
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Dermatomes
Skin area supplied by a single pair of nerves
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Peripheral nervous system
Divisions are somatic and Autonomic
Components are cranial and spinal nerves
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Autonomic nervous system
Divisions are Visceral sensory and visceral motor
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Somatic division neurons
One motor neuron, cell bodies in cns, axons all the way to skeletal muscles
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Autonomic system neuron
2 motor neurons, preganglionic in cns, ganglion if in cell body in ganglion outside cns, slower than somatic because less or no myelination
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Origin of parasympathetic
Most cranial and sacral nerves
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Origin of sympathetic
T1-L2
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Sympathetic also called
Thoracolumbar system
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Parasympathetic also called
Craniosacral
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Sympathetic release
Norepinephrine
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Parasympathetic release
Actylcholine
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Trapezius O and I
Occipital protuberance, C7-T12
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Latissimus Dorsi O and I
T7-L5, iliac crest and humerus bicipital goove
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Levator Scapulae O and I
C1-C4 and superior angle of scapula
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Rhomboid maj and min O and I
C7-T1, T2-T5 and medial border of scapula
42
Rhomboid active when...
Forcibly lowering arms, sledgehammer
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Serratus Posterior Superior and Inferior O and I
C7-T3 and T11-L2 and 2-5 rib, 8-12 rib
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Function of the back
Support, movement, protection
45
Secondary Curvatures
Move body center of gravity within the body to permit upright posture; Lumbar and cervical
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Kyphosis
Wedging anteriorly
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Lordosis
Wedging posteriorly
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Vertebral arch and processes exists
to protect the spinal cord, attachments of muscles, articulation with the ribs, regulation of movements
49
T12
Transition vertebrae, most likely to be fractured
50
Vertebrae are held together by
ligaments, intervertebral discs, synovial joints between articular processes
51
2 components of Intervertebral disks
Outer rim (anulus fibrosus), Central gelatinous nucleus pulposus; shock absorbers
52
Ligamentum Nuchae
Serves as attachment of cervical muscles
53
Lateral Horns of grey matter present in?
Thoracic region only
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Flexor Reflex
Cuteaneous ending, afferent neuron, internuncial neuron, alpha motor neuron, motor end plates
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Monosynaptic Stretch reflex
Neuromuscular spindle, afferent neuron, alpha motor neuron, motor end-plate
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3 a and v drainage of spinal cord
p. spinal v., p. spinal a., and posterolateral spinal v
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Splanchnic nerve
Innervates internal organs through a prevertebral ganglia, activating sympathetic senses, except pelvic which is parasympathetic
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****4 directions of preganglionic axons in sympathetic trunk
Synapse on postganglionic neuron in chain ganglion then return to spinal nerve and follow ganglioin to the skin, ascend or descend, enter without synapsing, form spanchnic nerve synapsing in prevertebral ganglion
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Laciferous duct
Commence toward nipple from each lobe
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Lactiferous sinus
open into tip of nipple, collect milk and contract in let down reflex
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Blood supply of breast
Internal thoracic artery (subclavian), Axillary branches: superior thoracic, thoracoacromial (pec branch), lateral thoracic, subscapular, and intercostal artery
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What supplies blood to nipple and areola?
Intercostal Artery
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Venous drainage of breast
internal mammary, axillary, posterior intercostal
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Lymphatic Drainage of breast
Axillary, internal mammary, supraclavicular, posterior intercostal
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2 groups of Lymphatic drainage
Superficial, skin; deep, tissue and areola/nipple
66
Superficial drainage nodes
Axillary, supraclavicular, parasternal
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Deep drainage nodes
Anterior axillary, subareolar lymphatic plexus, parasternal, posterior intercostal, supraclavicular
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Signs of breast cancer
Skin dimpling, nipple retraction, Peau d'orange; aka pull on suspensory ligaments, retraction of milk ducts, lymphatic obstruction
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Amazia
Nipple development, no breast development
70
Athelia
No nipple over breast
71
Clavipectoral fascia
very thick layer wraps around pec minor and extends to axillary fossa
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Retinacula
Transverse thickening of the antebrachial fascia, retains tendons; acts as pullies
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Palmar aponeurosis
deep fascia extends into the hand as he palmar aponeurosis and extends into the fingers
74
Subdivisions of clavipectotoral
costochoricoid membrane, suspensory ligament
75
Pectoralis Major O and I
Clavicular and sternal attachements; lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus
76
Pectoralis Minor O and I
3-5 ribs; coracoid process of scapula
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Subclavius O and I
1st rib and cartilage; middle third of clavicle
78
Serratus Anterior O and I
1-8 ribs; Medial border of scapula
79
Rotator cuff muscles
Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, subscapularis
80
Which rotator cuff muscle is damaged the most?
Supraspinatus; it does not rotate
81
Flexor Retinaculum
Thickening of the fascia in the forearm, attaches to the scaphoid and trapezium, pisiform and hamate
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Biceps O and I
Long head: supraglenoid process; short head: coracoid process, radial tubrosity
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Choracobrachialis O and I
Coracoid process, middle of humerus
84
Brachialis O and I
Distal humerus, coronoid tuberosity of ulna
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Triceps O and I
Long: infraglenoid tubercle, Laterial: posterior humerus, radial groove, Medial: humerus, radial groove; olecranon
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