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Anatomy > Unit 1: Lecture Things > Flashcards

Unit 1: Lecture Things Flashcards

0
Q

Classification of bones

A

Long, short, flat, irregular, sesame is

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1
Q

Body planes

A

Transverse, frontal, saggital, oblique, median

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2
Q

Joints

A

Synovial, fibrous, cartilaginous

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3
Q

Synovial joints

A

Pivot, ball and socket, hinge, saddle, condyloid, plane

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4
Q

Fibrous joint

A

Syndesmosis, suture, gomphosis

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5
Q

Cartilaginous

A

Primary (epiphysial plate), secondary (intervertebral disc)

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6
Q

Shape of muscle

A

Flat, pennate, fusiform, quadrate, circular or sphincteral

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7
Q

Functions of lymphatic system

A

Drain tissue fluids, absorb and transport fat, formation of defense mechanism for body

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8
Q

Extrinsic back muscles

A

Trapezius, latissimus Dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids

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9
Q

Triangle of auscultation

A

Vertebral border of scapula, superior border of latissimus, lateral border of trapezius

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10
Q

Extrinsic intermediate muscles of back

A

Serratus posterior superior and inferior

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11
Q

Intrinsic muscles of back

A

Splenius, erector spinal, transverse spinal

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12
Q

Transversospinalis group

A

Semispinalis, multifidus, rotators

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13
Q

Joints of vertebrae

A

Facet (zygapophysial) between articulate facets

Fibrocartilaginous (symphasis) intervertebral discs

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14
Q

Disc most prone to rupture

A

Limbo-sacral joint, tear in annulus fibrosis

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15
Q

Pars interarticularis

A

Region of lamina between superior and inferior facets

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16
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Fracture of pars portion of vertebrae

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17
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Vertebrae shift forward due to instability from pars defect

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18
Q

Scottie dog image

A

Refers to spondylolysis break

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19
Q

There is no ligament between what?

A

The pedi led. Because of intervetebral formina and emergence of spinal nerves

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20
Q

Ligamentous nuchae

A

Serves as attachment of cervical muscles

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21
Q

Needle passage through which layers in spinal tap

A

Supra and interspinous ligaments, through ligamenta flava (pop), epidural space, dura, arachnoid, subarachnoid space

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22
Q

Pia 2 shock cords?

A

Denticulate ligaments, filamentum terminal

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23
Q

Grey matter

A

Consists of nerve cell bodies and unmylinated nerves

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24
White matter
Consists of myelinated axons for communication up and down the column
25
Types of nerves
Somatic sensory, somatic motor, visceral sensory, visceral motor
26
Dermatomes
Skin area supplied by a single pair of nerves
27
Peripheral nervous system
Divisions are somatic and Autonomic | Components are cranial and spinal nerves
28
Autonomic nervous system
Divisions are Visceral sensory and visceral motor
29
Somatic division neurons
One motor neuron, cell bodies in cns, axons all the way to skeletal muscles
30
Autonomic system neuron
2 motor neurons, preganglionic in cns, ganglion if in cell body in ganglion outside cns, slower than somatic because less or no myelination
31
Origin of parasympathetic
Most cranial and sacral nerves
32
Origin of sympathetic
T1-L2
33
Sympathetic also called
Thoracolumbar system
34
Parasympathetic also called
Craniosacral
35
Sympathetic release
Norepinephrine
37
Parasympathetic release
Actylcholine
38
Trapezius O and I
Occipital protuberance, C7-T12
39
Latissimus Dorsi O and I
T7-L5, iliac crest and humerus bicipital goove
40
Levator Scapulae O and I
C1-C4 and superior angle of scapula
41
Rhomboid maj and min O and I
C7-T1, T2-T5 and medial border of scapula
42
Rhomboid active when...
Forcibly lowering arms, sledgehammer
43
Serratus Posterior Superior and Inferior O and I
C7-T3 and T11-L2 and 2-5 rib, 8-12 rib
44
Function of the back
Support, movement, protection
45
Secondary Curvatures
Move body center of gravity within the body to permit upright posture; Lumbar and cervical
46
Kyphosis
Wedging anteriorly
47
Lordosis
Wedging posteriorly
48
Vertebral arch and processes exists
to protect the spinal cord, attachments of muscles, articulation with the ribs, regulation of movements
49
T12
Transition vertebrae, most likely to be fractured
50
Vertebrae are held together by
ligaments, intervertebral discs, synovial joints between articular processes
51
2 components of Intervertebral disks
Outer rim (anulus fibrosus), Central gelatinous nucleus pulposus; shock absorbers
52
Ligamentum Nuchae
Serves as attachment of cervical muscles
53
Lateral Horns of grey matter present in?
Thoracic region only
54
Flexor Reflex
Cuteaneous ending, afferent neuron, internuncial neuron, alpha motor neuron, motor end plates
55
Monosynaptic Stretch reflex
Neuromuscular spindle, afferent neuron, alpha motor neuron, motor end-plate
56
3 a and v drainage of spinal cord
p. spinal v., p. spinal a., and posterolateral spinal v
57
Splanchnic nerve
Innervates internal organs through a prevertebral ganglia, activating sympathetic senses, except pelvic which is parasympathetic
58
****4 directions of preganglionic axons in sympathetic trunk
Synapse on postganglionic neuron in chain ganglion then return to spinal nerve and follow ganglioin to the skin, ascend or descend, enter without synapsing, form spanchnic nerve synapsing in prevertebral ganglion
59
Laciferous duct
Commence toward nipple from each lobe
60
Lactiferous sinus
open into tip of nipple, collect milk and contract in let down reflex
61
Blood supply of breast
Internal thoracic artery (subclavian), Axillary branches: superior thoracic, thoracoacromial (pec branch), lateral thoracic, subscapular, and intercostal artery
62
What supplies blood to nipple and areola?
Intercostal Artery
63
Venous drainage of breast
internal mammary, axillary, posterior intercostal
64
Lymphatic Drainage of breast
Axillary, internal mammary, supraclavicular, posterior intercostal
65
2 groups of Lymphatic drainage
Superficial, skin; deep, tissue and areola/nipple
66
Superficial drainage nodes
Axillary, supraclavicular, parasternal
67
Deep drainage nodes
Anterior axillary, subareolar lymphatic plexus, parasternal, posterior intercostal, supraclavicular
68
Signs of breast cancer
Skin dimpling, nipple retraction, Peau d'orange; aka pull on suspensory ligaments, retraction of milk ducts, lymphatic obstruction
69
Amazia
Nipple development, no breast development
70
Athelia
No nipple over breast
71
Clavipectoral fascia
very thick layer wraps around pec minor and extends to axillary fossa
72
Retinacula
Transverse thickening of the antebrachial fascia, retains tendons; acts as pullies
73
Palmar aponeurosis
deep fascia extends into the hand as he palmar aponeurosis and extends into the fingers
74
Subdivisions of clavipectotoral
costochoricoid membrane, suspensory ligament
75
Pectoralis Major O and I
Clavicular and sternal attachements; lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus
76
Pectoralis Minor O and I
3-5 ribs; coracoid process of scapula
77
Subclavius O and I
1st rib and cartilage; middle third of clavicle
78
Serratus Anterior O and I
1-8 ribs; Medial border of scapula
79
Rotator cuff muscles
Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, subscapularis
80
Which rotator cuff muscle is damaged the most?
Supraspinatus; it does not rotate
81
Flexor Retinaculum
Thickening of the fascia in the forearm, attaches to the scaphoid and trapezium, pisiform and hamate
82
Biceps O and I
Long head: supraglenoid process; short head: coracoid process, radial tubrosity
83
Choracobrachialis O and I
Coracoid process, middle of humerus
84
Brachialis O and I
Distal humerus, coronoid tuberosity of ulna
85
Triceps O and I
Long: infraglenoid tubercle, Laterial: posterior humerus, radial groove, Medial: humerus, radial groove; olecranon
86
Aconeus O and I
Epicondyle of humerus, olecranon

Anatomy (15 decks)

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