Unit 3: skull and brain

Question 0

Brain stem

Answer 0

regulates autonomic functions, eye and auditory reflexes contains midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 1

reticular activating system

Answer 1

on/off switch for consciousness

Question 2

cerebellum

Answer 2

large brain mass lying posterior to BS and inferior to cerebrum, coordination and modulation of complex movements

Question 3

Midbrain CN

Answer 3

III and IV

Question 4

pons CN

Answer 4

V, VI, VII, VIII

Question 5

cerebellum effect on movement

Answer 5

doesnt generate any movement by itself, but fine tones everything, like eating a brownie in class, damage in cerebellum disrupts this

Question 6

Medulla oblongata CN

Answer 6

CN IX, X, XI, XII

Question 7

Dysarthria

Answer 7

disruption in speak

Question 8

nystagmus

Answer 8

disruption in eye movement

Question 9

Midline lesion of cerebellum

Answer 9

loss of postural control

Question 10

distal lesion on cerebellum

Answer 10

effect function of arms and legs

Question 11

Cerebellar lesions tends to be

Answer 11

ipsilateral, if on right side it will effect right arm

Question 12

ventricles

Answer 12

protective function and clean up rubbish, supports and buffers brain against sudden movement, tightly regulated

Question 14

Number of ventricles

Answer 14

2 lateral (cerebral hemispheres) and 2 midsaggital (diencephalon and anterior to cerebelum

Question 15

choroid plexus

Answer 15

colored network of vessels, produces spinal fluid; leave brain behind inferior portion of cerebellum

Question 16

lateral ventricle

Answer 16

in each hemisphere, separated by septum pellucidium

Question 16

midsaggital ventricle

Answer 16

3rd-diencephalon, intraventricular foramen communicates with lateral ventricles; 4th inferior to cerebellum and into BS

Question 17

cerebral aquiduct

Answer 17

runs through midbrain and communicates with 3rd and 4th ventricle, contains CSF

Question 18

ependynmal cells

Answer 18

work in conjuction with capilaries to mak efluid

Question 19

partial blindness

Answer 19

occipital

Question 20

CSF circulation

Answer 20

choroid plexuses-> ventricular system-> medial&lateral aperatures-> subarachnoid space->circulation-> arachnoid granulations- dural venous sinuses

Question 21

difficulty remembering words

Answer 21

parietal

Question 22

clear fluid from nose

Answer 22

temporal bone let fluid escape from dura letting csf escape

Question 23

unsteady gait but no sensory loss

Answer 23

cerebullum

Question 24

nystagmus

Answer 24

pons, midbrain

Question 25

blood supply arteries

Answer 25

thin walls, no vasa vasora, no int elastic lamina, thin tunica media, prone to hypertension

Question 27

function of blood supply

Answer 27

collateral circulation route-> safegaurd against ischemia, equalize blood flow

Question 28

veins of brain

Answer 28

no muscle no valves, do no follow arteries, open into sinuses

Question 28

circle of willis

Answer 28

anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, posterior communicating and posterior cerebral

Question 29

internal carotid

Answer 29

circle of willis, enters through temporal bone, courses anteriorly through cavernous sinus, forms middle cerebral arteries, supplies later side of hemisphere

Question 30

middle cerebral supplies

Answer 30

lateral side of hemisphere

Question 31

posterior cerrebral supplies

Answer 31

inferior part and posterior

Question 32

anterior cerebral supplies

Answer 32

the limbic lobe, the portion just midial, between hemispheres

Question 33

anterior communicating

Answer 33

connects two anterior branches

Question 34

vertebral artery

Answer 34

originates from subclavian, courses through transverse foramina and foramen magnum; terminates and supplies posterior cerebral artery

Question 35

types of stroke

Answer 35

ischemic stroke (90%, 70% effect vertebral artery); blood is very toxic to brain tissue; hemorrhagic stokes result in death (10%)

Question 36

What part of the body is most likely affected in stroke?

Answer 36

Face, motor and sensory

Question 37

weakest point of skull

Answer 37

frontal parietal temporal and sphenoid; pteryon: due to process of birth, it is a lap suture, easy to rupture

Question 39

lies under pteryon

Answer 39

middle meningeal artery, receives blood from everything in skull; fracture may result in blood pushing brain medially, difficulty in speech, nystagmus etc

Question 40

Cerebrum

Answer 40

main integration center includes hemispheres, basal ganglia

Question 41

Hemispheres

Answer 41

highest integration functions speech, motor, emotion, memory

Question 42

Basal ganglia

Answer 42

procedural learning of habits, moderates movement

Question 43

5 lobes of cerebrum

Answer 43

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula

Question 44

Werneke's

Answer 44

if damaged causes nonsensical language

Question 45

Brocas

Answer 45

motor control of speech

Question 46

Diencephalon

Answer 46

central core of brain

Question 47

Thalamus

Answer 47

relay and filter

Question 48

epithalamus

Answer 48

links limbic system and circadian rhythms

Question 49

hypothalamus

Answer 49

link to endocrine