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BIO201 > Unit 1: Orientation to the Body > Flashcards

Unit 1: Orientation to the Body Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q
  1. List and describe the characteristics of living things
A

Characteristics of life
1) homeostasis
2) cellular composition
3) use raw materials and remove waste products
4) metabolism (use energy)
5) responsiveness to environment
6)development (growth or differentiation)
7) reproduction
8) evolution

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2
Q
  1. List the levels of organization of matter in the body in order. (Start with the smallest level and work through to the biggest level).
A

A. Chemicals: Atoms combine to form molecules.

B. Cells: Molecules combine to form the smallest unit of all living things.

C. Tissues: Groups of similar cells with a common function.

D. Organs: Structure composed of two or more tissue types with a common function.

E. Organ systems: Group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose.

F. Full organism

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3
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure and the shape of the body and body parts.
(Form)

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4
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the function of the body and its body parts
(Function)

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5
Q

Name the four organ systems.

A

Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous

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6
Q
  1. Describe the major functions and components of the following systems of the body: Integumentary.
A

Skin with all its associated structures.
-Hair
-Nails
-Sweat Glands
-Oil glands
-Epidermis and Dermis
-Nerves (receptors)

Functions:
-Waterproof barrier (prevents dehydration)
-Cushions and protects the body
-Regulates body temperature
+Fat insulation
+Shivering,
+goosebumps
-Blood flow
-Creates Vitamin D
-UV protection
-Self healing
-Detection of pressure, pain etc.
-Communication

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7
Q
  1. Describe the major functions and components of the following systems of the body: Skeletal.
A

-Bone
-Cartilage
-Ligaments
-Joints

Functions:
-Support
-Protects organs
-Framework for movement
-pH balance
-Hematopoiesis (make blood cells)
-Mineral storage

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8
Q
  1. Describe the major functions and components of the following systems of the body: Muscular.
A

Muscles
Tendons

Functions:
-Muscles shorten and contract to produce movement.
-Body temperature regulation
-Protection

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9
Q
  1. Describe the major functions and components of the following systems of the body: Nervous.
A

-Brain
-Spinal cord
-Nerves
-Sensory Receptors

Functions:
-Fast acting control system that sends electrochemical messages
-Sensory input
-Integration
-Motor output

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10
Q
  1. Describe anatomical position for the human body. Explain the importance of using anatomical position as a reference point when using anatomical terminology.
A

Anatomical Position: Body erect, feet parallel, arms hanging at the sides, palms facing forward.

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11
Q

Superior

A

Superior (Cranial/Cephalic):Toward the head or upper part; above.

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12
Q

Posterior

A

Posterior (Dorsal): Toward or at the backside of the body; rear.

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13
Q

Inferior

A

Inferior (Caudal) Away from head; towards the lower part; below.

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14
Q

Anterior

A

Anterior (Ventral): Toward or at the front of the body.

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15
Q

Medial:

A

Medial: Towards the midline.

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16
Q

Lateral:

A

Lateral: Away from the midline.

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17
Q

Proximal:

A

Proximal: Closer to the origin or point of attachment.

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18
Q

Distal:

A

Distal: Farther from the origin or point of attachment.

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19
Q

Superficial:

A

Superficial: Towards or at the body surface.

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20
Q

Deep:

A

Deep: Away from the body surface.

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21
Q

Regional Terms:
Anterior

A

Anterior
Axillary: Armpit
Acromial: tip/point of shoulder
Brachial: Arm
Carpal: Wrist
Cervical: Neck
Digital: Fingers or toes
Femoral: Thigh
Frontal: forehead
Orbital: Eye area
Patellar: Kneecap
Tarsal: Ankle
Thoracic: chest/rib cage
Pectoral: breast

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22
Q

Anterior
Axillary:

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A

Anterior
Axillary: Armpit

23
Q

Anterior

Acromial:

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A

Anterior

Acromial: tip/point of shoulder

24
Q

Anterior
Brachial:

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A

Anterior

Brachial: Arm

25
Anterior Carpal:
Anterior Carpal: Wrist
26
Anterior Cervical:
Anterior Cervical: Neck
27
Anterior Digital:
Anterior Digital: Fingers or toes
28
Anterior Femoral:
Anterior Femoral: Thigh
29
Anterior Frontal:
Anterior Frontal: forehead
30
Anterior Orbital:
Anterior Orbital: Eye area
31
Anterior Patellar:
Anterior Patellar: Kneecap
32
Anterior Tarsal:
Anterior Tarsal: Ankle
33
Anterior Thoracic:
Anterior Thoracic: chest/rib cage
34
Anterior Pectoral:
Anterior Pectoral: breast
35
Posterior Dorsal:
Posterior Dorsal: back
36
Posterior Plantar:
Posterior Plantar: sole of foot
37
Posterior Deltoid:
Posterior Deltoid: shoulder
38
Posterior Gluteal:
Posterior Gluteal: Buttock, rump
39
Posterior Lumbar:
Posterior Lumbar: Lower back (between ribs and hips)
40
Posterior Occipital:
Posterior Occipital: Back of head
41
Sagittal:
Sagittal: an imaginary line that divides the body into right and left parts.
42
Transverse:
Transverse: An imaginary line the divides the body into superior and inferior parts
43
Frontal
Frontal (Coronal): An imaginary line which divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
44
homeostasis
-Definition: the ability to maintain a constant internal environment in response to environmental changes. -Dynamic equilibrium
45
Homeostasis is maintained by ...
negative feedback
46
Negative feedback ________________ from the norm.
decreases any deviation
47
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
Receptor (sensor) - detects problem Sensory pathway (brings info to control center) Control/Integration center (Brain and Spinal Cord) – figures out what to do Motor Pathway (From Control Center) Effector (Response) – return to equilibrium
48
Receptor (sensor)
Receptor (sensor) - detects problem
49
Sensory pathway
Sensory pathway (brings info to control center)
50
Control/Integration center
Control/Integration center (Brain and Spinal Cord) – figures out what to do
51
Motor Pathway
Motor Pathway (From Control Center)
52
Effector
Effector (Response) – return to equilibrium
53
Negative Feedback Mechanisms Example
Example: Blood pressure +Carotid Bodies (receptors) – detect high blood pressure +Sensory nerves (pathway) – carry info. to brain +Cardioregulatory center in brain +Motor nerves (pathway) +Heart (Effector) – beat slower to reduce blood pressure Choke Hold example

BIO201 (7 decks)

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