Unit 1 Vocab

Question 1

Occurs when people pursue their own self-interests and it leads to mutually destructive behaviors.

Answer 1

Social Traps

Question 2

Seeing good events as your own doing and lasting, while seeing bad events as temporary and not your fault.

Answer 2

Optimistic Explanatory Style

Question 3

The tendency for a bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.

Answer 3

Diffusion of Responsibility

Question 4

Stereotyping those different from our ingroup as “the same.”

Answer 4

Outgroup Homogeneity Bias

Question 5

The belief that outside forces, such as luck or other people, control one’s life and outcomes.

Answer 5

External Locus of Control

Question 6

Seeing bad events as your own fault, lasting a long time, and affecting many areas of your life. Good events are seen as temporary and due to external factors.

Answer 6

Pessimistic Explanatory Style

Question 7

Selfless concern for the well-being of others.

Answer 7

Altruism

Question 8

People lose their own identity when they are in a group, and instead generally follow the group mindset.

Answer 8

Deindividualization

Question 9

The expectation that people should help others in need, even if there is no direct benefit for themselves.

Answer 9

Social Responsibility Norm

Question 10

This phenomenon is the tendency for people to believe the world is fair and that people get what they deserve.

Answer 10

Just-World Phenomenon

Question 11

Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.

Answer 11

Attitudes

Question 12

The belief that one’s own culture or group is superior to others.

Answer 12

Ethnocentrism

Question 13

These are shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.

Answer 13

Superordinate Goals

Question 14

Explanations of behavior based on internal characteristics, such as personality or abilities.

Answer 14

Dispositional Attribution

Question 15

This effect is when a single good trait carries over to how people view a person’s other traits.

Answer 15

Halo Effect

Question 16

The feeling of being worse off compared to others around you.

Answer 16

Relative Deprivation

Question 17

This effect states that that repeated exposure to a novel stimuli increases liking of them.

Answer 17

Mere Exposure Effect

Question 18

It explains how people are persuaded, with central & peripheral routes.

Answer 18

Elaboration Likelihood Model

Question 19

The bias to favor our own group.

Answer 19

In-group Bias

Question 20

A technique used to get compliance from others in which a large request is made knowing it will probably be refused so that the person will agree to a much smaller request.

Answer 20

Door-in-the-Face Technique

Question 21

These actions intend to benefit others or society as a whole without looking for anything in return

Answer 21

Prosocial Behavior

Question 22

Factors that influence what we focus on and how we process information.

Answer 22

Attentional Variables

Question 23

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and our behaviors.

Answer 23

False Consensus Effect

Question 24

Compliance tactic of getting a person to agree to a large request by having them agree to a small request first.

Answer 24

Foot-in-the-Door Technique

Question 25

The recognition and appreciation of cultural diversity, promoting the coexistence of different cultures within a society.

Answer 25

Multiculturalism

Question 26

Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to match those of others or to fit in with a group.

Answer 26

Conformity

Question 27

A person’s way of explaining events, typically categorized as optimistic or pessimistic.

Answer 27

Explanatory Style

Question 28

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

Answer 28

Discrimination

Question 29

A cultural value that emphasizes group goals and interdependence over individual goals and independence.

Answer 29

Collectivism

Question 30

Explanations for someone’s behavior that focus on external factors, such as the environment or circumstances.

Answer 30

Situational Attributions

Question 31

It explains how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others.

Answer 31

Social Influence Theory

Question 32

Unconscious beliefs or feelings that influence behavior and perceptions.

Answer 32

Implicit Attitudes

Question 33

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Answer 33

Group Think

Question 34

The tendency to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the disposition in behavior.

Answer 34

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 35

An expectation to return favors or kindnesses to others as an exchange.

Answer 35

Social Reciprocity Norm

Question 36

The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.

Answer 36

Cognitive Dissonance

Question 37

Rules or expectations that are socially enforced.

Answer 37

Norms

Question 38

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment.

Answer 38

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

Question 39

An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members; generally involves stereotyped beliefs.

Answer 39

Prejudice

Question 40

External factors that can influence behavior and outcomes. Its why people act differently in an emergency than they think they will.

Answer 40

Situational Variables

Question 41

The tendency to attribute one’s own actions to external factors and others’ actions to internal factors.

Answer 41

Actor / Observer Bias

Question 42

This route to persuasion occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness.

Answer 42

Peripheral Route

Question 43

Comparing oneself to others who are perceived to be worse off to feel better about oneself.

Answer 43

Downward Social Comparison

Question 44

The tendency for individuals to attribute their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors.

Answer 44

Self-Serving Bias

Question 45

The influence of others that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them.

Answer 45

Normative Social Influence

Question 46

A cultural value that emphasizes personal goals and independence over group goals and interdependence.

Answer 46

Individualism

Question 47

The belief that one controls their own life and outcomes through their own efforts and actions.

Answer 47

Internal Locus of Control

Question 48

Following the commands or instructions of an authority figure.

Answer 48

Obedience

Question 49

The tendency for people in a group to have more extreme views than they would have alone.

Answer 49

Group Polarization

Question 50

An overgeneralized belief about a group of people.

Answer 50

Stereotype

Question 51

The theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition.

Answer 51

Attributions

Question 52

Comparing oneself to people who are better off than us, like someone with higher grades or more skills.

Answer 52

Upward Social Comparison

Question 53

The influence of others that leads us to conform because we see them as a source of information to guide our behavior.

Answer 53

Informational Social Influence

Question 54

A logic-driven approach, using data and facts to convince people of an argument.

Answer 54

Central Route

Question 55

A set of expected behaviors for a particular social position.

Answer 55

Social Roles

Question 56

The phenomenon of a person giving less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone.

Answer 56

Social Loafing

Question 57

Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Answer 57

Social Facilitation

Question 58

Psychological phenomenon in which people are less likely to take action when in the presence of a large group of people.

Answer 58

Bystander Effect