Unit 7 Vocab

Question 1

The tendency to see objects as only functioning in their usual way

Answer 1

Functional Fixedness

Question 2

Judging the likelihood of something based on how well it matches a prototype

Answer 2

Representative Heuristic

Question 3

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas, like coming up with a new game to play with friends

Answer 3

Creativity

Question 4

The age level at which an individual performs intellectually

Answer 4

Mental Age

Question 5

Groups or classes of things that share common characteristics

Answer 5

Categories

Question 6

The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure

Answer 6

Validity

Question 7

Generating multiple, unique solutions to a problem

Answer 7

Divergent Thinking

Question 8

The degree to which a test measures the theoretical construct it is intended to measure

Answer 8

Construct Validity

Question 9

The actual age of an individual

Answer 9

Chronological Age

Question 10

Mental structures that help us organize and interpret information

Answer 10

Schemas

Question 11

Narrowing down multiple ideas to find a single, best solution

Answer 11

Convergent Thinking

Question 12

Establishing norms and uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test

Answer 12

Standardization

Question 13

The consistency of a test’s results over time

Answer 13

Reliability

Question 14

Performance improvement due to awareness of positive stereotypes about one’s group.

Answer 14

Stereotype Lift

Question 15

The belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort and learning

Answer 15

Growth Mindset

Question 16

The belief that abilities and intelligence are static and unchangeable

Answer 16

Fixed Mindset

Question 17

The observed rise in average IQ scores over time

Answer 17

Flynn Effect

Question 18

A factor that underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test

Answer 18

General Intelligence

Question 19

The consistency of test results when the test is divided into two halves and both halves are compared

Answer 19

Split-Half Reliability

Question 20

Step-by-step procedures that guarantee a solution

Answer 20

Algorithms

Question 21

Simple, efficient rules used to make decisions

Answer 21

Heuristics

Question 22

The risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one’s group

Answer 22

Stereotype Threat

Question 23

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Answer 23

Intelligence

Question 24

Systems of organization in which items are ranked according to levels of importance

Answer 24

Hierarchies

Question 25

Tests designed to assess what a person has learned

Answer 25

Achievement Tests

Question 26

Cognitive processes that manage and regulate other cognitive processes, like planning, decision-making, and self-control

Answer 26

Executive Functions

Question 27

Continuing an endeavor due to previously invested resources

Answer 27

Sunk-Cost Fallacy

Question 28

Incorporating new information into existing schemas

Answer 28

Assimilation

Question 29

Changing existing schemas or creating new ones to fit new information

Answer 29

Accommodation

Question 30

The best or most typical example of a category

Answer 30

Prototypes

Question 31

A score derived from standardized tests designed to measure human intelligence

Answer 31

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Question 32

Tests designed to predict a person’s future performance or capacity to learn

Answer 32

Aptitude Tests

Question 33

Exposure to one stimulus influences the response to a subsequent, related stimulus

Answer 33

Priming

Question 34

A tendency to approach problems using a mindset that has worked previously

Answer 34

Mental Set

Question 35

Awareness and understanding of one’s own thought processes

Answer 35

Metacognition

Question 36

The way information is presented affects decision-making and judgments

Answer 36

Framing

Question 37

Estimating the likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind

Answer 37

Availability Heuristic

Question 37

The belief that past random events affect the likelihood of future random events

Answer 37

Gambler's Fallacy

Question 38

The consistency of test results when the same test is administered on two different occasions

Answer 38

Test-Retest Reliability

Question 39

The extent to which a test predicts future performance

Answer 39

Predictive Validity

Question 40

Devising a solution by being creative

Answer 40

Break Mindset

Question 41

The accumulated facts and information gathered over a lifetime. They increase through someone's lifetime.

Answer 41

Crystal Intelligence