Unit 6 Vocab

Question 1

The tendency to remember the last items in a list best.

Answer 1

Recency Effect

Question 2

Short-term memories are transformed into
long-term memories. It occurs during sleep.

Answer 2

Memory Consolidation

Question 3

Recall the first & last items in a list better than the middle items.

Answer 3

Serial Position Effect

Question 4

Identifying previously learned information with the help of external cues.

Answer 4

Recognition

Question 5

A memory device associating items to be
remembered with specific physical locations.

Answer 5

Method of Loci

Question 6

Part of working memory that handles verbal &
auditory information.

Answer 6

Phonological Loop

Question 7

Part of working memory that directs & coordinates it.

Answer 7

Central Executive

Question 8

Memory to do a future action at a certain
time.

Answer 8

Prospective Memory

Question 9

The inability to retrieve episodic memories
before about 3-4 years old.

Answer 9

Infantile Amnesia

Question 10

A sensory memory involving the brief
auditory storage of information.

Answer 10

Echoic Memory

Question 11

Model of memory consisting of: sensory, short-term & long-term memories.

Answer 11

Multi-Store Model

Question 12

Unconscious encoding of secondary information (space, time, & frequency).

Answer 12

Automatic Processing

Question 13

Basic level based on the structure or appearance of words.

Answer 13

Shallow Encoding

Question 14

A type of explicit memory involving knowledge of facts.

Answer 14

Semantic Memory

Question 15

A memory technique involving a deeper processing of the encoded item.

Answer 15

Elaborative Rehearsal

Question 16

Describes short-term memory processes including the central executive, phonological loop, & visuospatial sketchpad.

Answer 16

Working Memory Model

Question 17

Short-term memories are transformed into stable, long-term memories.

Answer 17

Memory Consolidation

Question 18

Retrieving information without aid or use of external cues.

Answer 18

Recall

Question 19

Creating associations between new
information & something already encoded.

Answer 19

Mnemonic Devices

Question 20

The tendency to remember the first items in a list best.

Answer 20

Primacy Effect

Question 21

Explicit memory involving specific situations.

Answer 21

Episodic Memory

Question 22

Imagining an event that never happened
increases confidence that the event actually occurred.

Answer 22

Imagination Inflation

Question 23

The meaning of words and their connection with other memories.

Answer 23

Deep Encoding

Question 24

Newer memories block the recall of older
information.

Answer 24

Retroactive Interference

Question 25

Inability to form new memories after the onset of amnesia.

Answer 25

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 26

Older memories hinder the recall of newer information.

Answer 26

Proactive Interference

Question 27

General concept of memory of specific facts & experiences.

Answer 27

Explicit Memory

Question 28

Not remembering how the information was acquired, but keeping the factual knowledge.

Answer 28

Source Amnesia

Question 29

Enhanced memory due to testing it, rather than simply rereading, information.

Answer 29

Testing Effect

Question 30

Encoding that requires attention & conscious effort.

Answer 30

Effortful Processing

Question 31

The process of accessing & bringing stored information into attention

Answer 31

Retrieval

Question 32

A graph showing retention & forgetting over time.

Answer 32

Forgetting Curve

Question 33

When a person’s recall of a memory is less accurate because of information received after the event.

Answer 33

Misinformation Effect

Question 34

The continuous storage of information, which is theoretically unlimited.

Answer 34

Long-Term Memory

Question 35

Transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory.

Answer 35

Encoding

Question 36

Short-term memory that involves information currently in use.

Answer 36

Primary Memory System

Question 37

Influences behavior without awareness, such as skills & conditioned responses.

Answer 37

Implicit Memory

Question 38

A sensory memory involving the brief visual storage of information.

Answer 38

Iconic Memory

Question 39

Brief storage of sensory information, lasting only a few seconds.

Answer 39

Sensory Memory

Question 40

A progressive disease that causes memory loss, cognitive decline, & personality changes.

Answer 40

Alzheimer's Disease

Question 41

Loss of memory for events that occurred before the onset of amnesia.

Answer 41

Retrograde Amnesia

Question 42

Part of working memory that handles visual & spatial information.

Answer 42

Visuospatial Sketchpad

Question 43

Studying for long periods without interruption.

Answer 43

Massed Practice

Question 44

Using general knowledge & experiences to fill in gaps & create a complete memory of an event.

Answer 44

Constructive Memory

Question 45

A psychodynamic defense mechanism that ‘forgets’ anxiety-arousing memories.

Answer 45

Repression

Question 46

The depth of processing affects how well information is remembered.

Answer 46

Levels of Processing Model

Question 47

When you can’t recall something even though you know it & it’s just out of reach.

Answer 47

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

Question 48

Type of implicit memory involving motor skills & behaviors.

Answer 48

Procedural Memory

Question 49

Repeating information over & over to keep it in short-term memory.

Answer 49

Maintenance Rehearsal

Question 50

Inability to recall specific information because of insufficient encoding.

Answer 50

Encoding Failure

Question 51

Spreading out study activities over time.

Answer 51

Distributed Practice

Question 52

A memory device of placing large items into manageable blocks.

Answer 52

Chunking

Question 53

Process of maintaining information in memory over time.

Answer 53

Storage

Question 54

Increased recall of items leads to neural changes & increased speed of recall.

Answer 54

Long-Term Potentiation

Question 55

Information is recalled better when the environment during retrieval matches the environment where the information was learned.

Answer 55

Context-Dependent Memory

Question 56

The tendency to recall memories that align with your current emotional state.

Answer 56

Mood-Congruent Memory

Question 57

A person's recollection of personal experiences and events from their own life.

Answer 57

Autobiographical Memory