unit 10

Question 1

role of sensory system

Answer 1

. Stimuli from varying sources, and of different types, are received and changed into the electrochemical signals of the nervous system

Question 2

receptor cell

Answer 2

in peripheral nervous system, transfers stimuli into neural signals

Question 3

structural receptor types

Answer 3

• (1) free nerve ending (with dendrites embedded in tissue that receives sensation)
• (2) a neuron that has an encapsulated ending in which the sensory nerve endings are encapsulated in connective tissue that enhances their sensitivity
  (3) a specialized receptor cell, which has distinct structural components that interpret a specific type of stimulus

Question 4

lamellate corpuscles

Answer 4

found in the skin that responds to pressure and touch.

Question 5

exteroceptor

Answer 5

Sensory receptor that is positioned to interpret stimuli from the external environment, such as photoreceptors in the eye or somatosensory receptors in the skin.

Question 6

interocepter

Answer 6

Sensory receptor that is positioned to interpret stimuli from internal organs, such as stretch receptors in the wall of blood vessels.

Question 7

transduction

Answer 7

process of turning external stimuli into electrochemical stimulations of nervous system

Question 8

hearing is….

Answer 8

transduction of sound waves into a neural signal which is made possible by the structures of the ea

Question 9

auricle

Answer 9

fleshy outside part of the ear. C shaped curve helps direct sound waves to auditory canal

Question 10

at the end of auditory canal is the

Answer 10

eardrum/tympanic membrane - vibrates when sound waves come

Question 11

external ear

Answer 11

eardrum, auricle, auditory canal

Question 12

middle ear

Answer 12

three small bones called auditory ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes,)

Question 13

functions of outer and middle ear

Answer 13

The outer and middle ear are responsible for directing sound waves towards the inner ear; interference with this conduction of sound waves through the outer and middle ear can cause conductive deafness if the sound waves fail to reach the inner ear.

Question 14

eustachian tube

Answer 14

tube linking the pharynx and middle ear, important for equalizing air pressure in the middle ear.This tube is normally closed but will pop open when the muscles of the pharynx contract during swallowing or yawning.

Question 15

inner ear

Answer 15

composed of series of canals embedded within temporal bone. two separate regions: cochlea and the vestibule- responsible for hearing and balance

Question 16

vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 16

Eighth cranial nerve; responsible for the sensations of hearing and balance.

Question 17

process once sound is going into the brain

Answer 17

Auditory processing continues on to the midbrain. Axons from the midbrain then project to the thalamus and the superior colliculus. The medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus receives the auditory information and then projects that information to the primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex, involved in the conscious awareness of sound. The superior colliculus receives input from the visual and somatosensory systems, as well as the ears, to initiate stimulation of the muscles that turn the head and neck toward the auditory stimulus