unit 7

Question 1

integumentary system

Answer 1

• enclosed internal body structures
• site of many sensory receptors
• hair, skin, nails

Question 2

skeletal system

Answer 2

• supports the body
• enables movements (with muscular system)
• cartilage, bones, joints

Question 3

muscular system

Answer 3

• enables movements with skeletal system
• regulates body temperature
• skeletal muscles, tendons

Question 4

nervous system

Answer 4

• detects and processes sensory information
• activates bodily responses
• brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Question 5

endocrine system

Answer 5

• regulates bodily fluids
• secretes hormones
• pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, sex organs

Question 6

cardiovascular system

Answer 6

• delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
• equalizes temp in body
• heart, blood vessels

Question 7

lymphatic system

Answer 7

• returns fluids to blood
• defends against pathogens
• thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels

Question 8

respiratory system

Answer 8

• removes CO2 from blood, O2 enters the blood
• nasal passage, trachea, lungs

Question 9

digestive system

Answer 9

• removes waste from body
• processes food into nutrients for use of the body
• stomach, gal bladder, liver, small/large intestine

Question 10

urinary system

Answer 10

• controls water balance in the body
• removes wastes from blood and excretes them
• kidneys, urinary bladder

Question 11

prone

Answer 11

describes a face-down orientation,

Question 12

suspine

Answer 12

describes a face up orientation

Question 13

brachium/arm

Answer 13

upper arm

Question 14

“antebrachium” or “forearm”

Answer 14

lower arm

Question 15

femur/thigh

Answer 15

upper leg

Question 16

leg/crus

Answer 16

between knee and ankle

Question 17

Anterior (or ventral)

Answer 17

describes the front or direction toward the front of the body. The toes are anterior to the foot.

Question 18

Posterior (or dorsal)

Answer 18

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body. The popliteus is posterior to the patella.

Question 19

Superior (or cranial)

Answer 19

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper. The orbits are superior to the oris.

Question 20

Inferior (or caudal)

Answer 20

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail

Question 21

Lateral

Answer 21

describes the side or direction toward the side of the body. The thumb (pollex) is lateral to the digits.

Question 22

Medial

Answer 22

describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body. The hallux is the medial toe

Question 23

Intermediate

Answer 23

describes a position between a more medial and a more lateral structure. The middle finger is intermediate between the ring and index fingers.

Question 24

Proximal

Answer 24

describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. The brachium is proximal to the antebrachium.

Question 25

Distal

Answer 25

describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. The crus is distal to the femur.

Question 26

Central

Answer 26

describes a position towards the middle (centre) of a structure or organ system. The central nervous system is contained within the skull and vertebral column

Question 27

peripheral

Answer 27

describes a position towards the outer edge (periphery) of a structure or organ system. The peripheral nervous system is found outside the skull and vertebral column.

Question 28

superficial

Answer 28

describes a position closer to the surface of the body. The skin is superficial to the bones.

Question 29

deep

Answer 29

describes a position farther from the surface of the body. The brain is deep to the skull.

Question 30

saggital plane

Answer 30

divides the body or an organ vertically into right and left sides.

Question 31

midsagittal or median plane

Answer 31

If this vertical plane runs directly down the middle of the body

Question 32

frontal plane

Answer 32

divides the body or an organ into an anterior (front) portion and a posterior (rear) portion

Question 33

transverse plane

Answer 33

divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower portions. Transverse planes produce images referred to as cross sections.

Question 34

largest compartments in body

Answer 34

dorsal (posterior) cavity and ventral (anterior) cavity

Question 35

reason for dorsal and ventral cavities

Answer 35

These cavities contain and protect delicate internal organs, and the ventral cavity allows for significant changes in the size and shape of the organs as they perform their functions. The lungs, heart, stomach, and intestines, for example, can expand and contract without distorting other tissues or disrupting the activity of nearby organs.

Question 36

subdivisions in posterior dorsal cavity

Answer 36

- canal cavity houses brain - spinal cavity houses spinal cord

Question 37

brain and spine are cushioned by

Answer 37

cerebrospinal fluid in the dorsal/posterior cavity

Question 38

anterior (ventral) cavity has two subdivision

Answer 38

thoracic cavity and abdominopelivic cavity

Question 39

thoracic cavity

Answer 39

enclosed by rib cage. contains heart and lungs and is located in mediastinum

Question 40

what separates the two ventral anterior cavities?

Answer 40

diaphragm

Question 41

abdominopelivic cavity

Answer 41

largest in body. houses organs. pelvic cavity houses reproductive organs

Question 42

abdominopelivic cavity is separated into

Answer 42

4 quadrants, 9 region

Question 43

quadrants of abdominopelivic cavity

Answer 43

right upper quadrant left upper quadrant RLQ LLQ

Question 44

regions of abdominopelivic cavity

Answer 44

right hypochondriac region epigastric region LHR right lumbar region umbilical region LLR right iliac region hypogastric region left iliac region

Question 44

The right hypochondriac region

Answer 44

contains gall bladder, part of the liver, right kidney

Question 45

epigastric region

Answer 45

part of liver and part of stomach

Question 46

left hypochondriac region

Answer 46

part of spleen part of stomach left kidney

Question 47

right lumbar region

Answer 47

most of ascending colon

Question 48

umbilical region

Answer 48

transverse colon and part of small intestine

Question 49

left lumbar region

Answer 49

descending colon

Question 50

right iliac region

Answer 50

appendix, caecum

Question 51

hypogastric region

Answer 51

ontains the lower small intestine, the distal sigmoid colon and anus, and the urinary bladder, as well as the uterus and ovaries in females and the prostate in males

Question 52

left iliac region

Answer 52

proximal sigmoid colon

Question 53

what does serous membrane cover

Answer 53

one of the thin membranes that cover the walls and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 54

what does parietal membrane cover

Answer 54

line the walls of the body cavity

Question 55

visceral layer

Answer 55

covers organs

Question 56

what is between parietal and visceral layers

Answer 56

very thin, fluid filled serous space or cavity

Question 57

what is the pleura

Answer 57

serous membrane that surrounds lungs in pleural cavity

Question 58

what is pericardium

Answer 58

serous membrane that surrounds the heart in the pericardial cavity

Question 59

peritoneum

Answer 59

serous membrane that surrounds organs in abdominopelvic cavity