UNIT 10: ALCOHOLS, NICOTINE, CAFFEINE

Question 1

Most important alcohol of pharmacologic interest

Answer 1

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)

Question 2

Alcohols of toxicologic importance

Answer 2

Methanol
Ethylene glycol

Question 3

Most commonly abused drug in the world

Answer 3

Alcohol

Question 4

Antidote in methanol and ethylene glycol posioning
Topical antiseptic

Answer 4

Ethanol

Question 5

Poisoning of this alcohol creates toxic aldehydes and oxalate, which casues kidney damage and severe acidosis

Answer 5

Ethylene glycol

Question 6

BDZ receptor agonists that facilitate GABA-mediated activation of GABA-A receptors

Answer 6

Benzodiazepines

eg, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Lorazepam

Question 7

Used in prevention and treatment of acute ethanol withdrawal syndrome

Answer 7

**Benzodiazepines **
(Chlordiazepoxide HCl,
Diazepam,
Lorazepam,
Oxazepam,
Thiamine HCl)

Question 8

Drugs used in acute alcohol withdrawal

Answer 8

Benzodiazepines
Thiamine

Question 9

Essential vitamin required for synthesis of coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate

Answer 9

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

Question 10

Administered to patients suspected of having alcoholism to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 10

Thiamine

Question 11

Drugs used in chronic alcoholism

Answer 11

Naltrexone
Acamprosate
Disulfiram

Question 12

Nonselective competitive antagonist of opioid receptors

Answer 12

Naltrexone

Question 13

Used for reduced risk of relapse in individuals with alcoholism

Answer 13

Naltrexone
Acamprosate

Question 14

Poorly-understood NMDA antagonist and GABA-A agonist

Answer 14

Acamprosate

Question 15

True or False

Disulfiram - Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase
Fomepizole - Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

Answer 15

False

Baliktad

Question 16

Used for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning

Answer 16

Fomepizole
Ethanol

Question 17

Deterrent to drinking in individuals with alcohol dependence

Answer 17

Disulfiram

Question 18

Drugs for the prevention of alcohol abuse

Answer 18

Acamprosate calcium
Disulfiram
Naltrexone HCl

Question 19

Caffeine

Most effective bronchodilator
Relieves airflow obstruction in acute asthma

Answer 19

Theophylline

Question 20

Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines

Mild cortical arousal
Increased alertness
Deterred fatigue
Nervousness, Insomnia (sensitive individuals)
Large doses: Medullary stimulation, convulsions, death

Answer 20

CNS effects

Question 21

Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines

Positive chronotropic and inotropic effects
Inhibition of presynaptic adenosine receptors in sympathetic nerves
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase
Increase in cAMP

Answer 21

Cardiovascular effects

Question 22

Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines

Cardiovascular effects of high doses of caffeine

Answer 22

Relaxes vascular smooth muscle
Cerebral blood vessel contractions

Question 23

Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines

Cardiovascular effects of caffeine in ordinary individuals

Answer 23

Tachycardia
Increased cardiac output
Increased peripheral resistance
Slight rise in blood pressure

Question 24

Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines

Cardiovascular effects of caffeine in sensitive individuals

Answer 24

Arrythmia

Question 25

# Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines Gastrointestinal Tract Effects

Answer 25

Secretion of **gastric acid** and **digestive enzymes**

Question 26

# Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines Kidney Effects

Answer 26

Increased glomerular filtration Reduced tubular sodium reabsorption Diuresis

Question 27

# Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines Smooth muscle effects

Answer 27

Bronchodilation Tolerance does not develop Inhibits antigen-induced release of histamine from lung tissue

Question 28

# Pharmacodynamics of Methylxanthines Skeletal muscle effects

Answer 28

Improved contractility Reverse fatigue of diaphragm (in patients with COPD)

Question 29

Has the **most marked CNS effects** among all the methylxanthines

Answer 29

Caffeine (3,7-dimethylxanthine)

Question 30

Short-acting beta-blocker used as an antidote to **caffeine overdose**

Answer 30

Esmolol

Question 31

Inhibits **metabolism** of caffeine

Answer 31

Quinolone antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Enoxacin, Norfloxacin)

Question 32

Causes **mild cortical arousal** with **increased alertness** and **deferral of fatigue**

Answer 32

Caffeine

Question 33

# True or False Caffeine has negative chronotropic and inotropic effects on the heart

Answer 33

False | Positive

Question 34

Nicotine is derived from?

Answer 34

Nicotiana tabacum Nicotiana rustica

Question 35

Addiction to this drug exceeds all other forms of addiction in the world

Answer 35

Nicotine

Question 36

**Selective agonist** of the **nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)**

Answer 36

Nicotine

Question 37

**Agonist** at **cannabinoid receptors**, used off-label in **smoking cessation**; also used for **obesity**

Answer 37

Rimonabant

Question 38

**Antidepressant** approved for nicotine cessation therapy

Answer 38

Bupropion

Question 39

Partial agonists of a4B2-containing nAChRs

Answer 39

Cystine Varenicline

Question 40

# Nicotine Impairs the capacity to drive, associated with suicidal ideation

Answer 40

Varenicline