UNIT 13: AMINOGLYCOSIDES & SPECTINOMYCIN

Question 1

Aminoglycosides (10)

Answer 1

Streptomycin
Neomycin
Kanamycin
Amikacin
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Sisomicin
Netilmicin
Plazomicin
Paromomycin

Question 2

Ototoxicity

Most likely to cause auditory damage (2)

Answer 2

Kanamycin
Amikacin

Question 3

Most nephrotoxic (2)

Answer 3

Tobramycin
Gentamicin

Question 4

Manifests as auditory damage or vestibular damage

Answer 4

Ototoxicity

Question 5

Respiratory paralysis due to high doses of aminoglycosides can be reversed by: (3)

Answer 5

Calcium gluconate
Neostigmine
Ventilatory support

Question 6

High doses of aminoglycosides can produce what effect?

Answer 6

Curare-like effect

Question 7

Almost always used in combination with B-lactam antibiotics (2)

Answer 7

Tobramycin
Gentamicin

Question 8

Frequently given in combination with other antibacterials for treatment of mycobacterial infections (2)

Answer 8

Amikacin
Streptomycin

Question 9

Combination used to treat enterococcal endocarditis and to shorten duration of viridians streptococcal endocarditis

Answer 9

Penicillin-Aminoglycoside

Question 10

Second-line agent for treatment of tuberculosis

Answer 10

Streptomycin

Question 11

Used for:
Plague
Tularemia
Brucellosis

Answer 11

Streptomycin + oral tetracyclin

Question 12

Can cause deafness in the newborn when given during pregnancy

Answer 12

Streptomycin

Question 13

Most serious toxic effect of streptomycin

Answer 13

Disturbance of vestibular function (vertigo and loss of balance)

Question 14

Isolated from Micromonospora purpurea

Answer 14

Gentamicin

Question 15

Used in severe infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria:
P. aeruginosa
Enterobacter
Serratia
Proteus
Acinetobacter
Klebsiella

Answer 15

Gentamicin

Question 16

True or False

Aminoglycosides should not be used as single agents for therapy of pneumonia

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Can be used topically (2)

Answer 17

Gentamycin
Neomycin

Question 18

Linked to point mutations in mitochondrial DNA

Answer 18

Gentamycin

Question 19

Almost the same antibacterial spectrum as Gentamycin but is slightly more active against P. aeruginosa

Answer 19

Tobramycin

Question 20

For inhalation for treatment of P. aeruginosa lower respiratory tract infections complicating cystic fibrosis

Answer 20

Tobramycin

Question 21

Can be inhaled

Answer 21

Tobramycin

Question 22

A semisynthetic derivative of kanamycin

Answer 22

Amikacin

Question 23

Has an additional ethyl group that protects it from enzymatic degradation

Answer 23

Netilmicin

Question 24

Effective against visceral leishmaniasis when given parenterally

Answer 24

Paromomycin

Question 25

Can be used for **Entamoeba histolytica** infections and intestinal infections with other parasites

Answer 25

Paromomycin

Question 26

Can be applied to the **nares** for suppression of **staphylococci**

Answer 26

Neomycin

Question 27

# True or False **Neomycin group** affects vestibular function more than auditory function

Answer 27

False | **Auditory function** is more affected

Question 28

An **aminocyclitol antibiotic** structurally related to aminoglycosides

Answer 28

Spectinomycin

Question 29

**Spectinomycin** lacks the ff.: (2)

Answer 29

Amino sugars Glycosidic bonds

Question 30

Used almost solely as an alternative treatment for **drug-resistant gonorrhea** or gonorrhea in **penicillin-allergic patients**

Answer 30

Spectinomycin

Question 31

Not recommended for **pharyngeal infections** due to high failure rates

Answer 31

Spectinomycin

Question 32

Synergistic effects against **Gram-positive bacteria** when combined with B-lactams or **vancomycin**

Answer 32

Gentamicin

Question 33

Concentration-dependent killing and significant post-antibiotic effect

Answer 33

Gentamicin

Question 34

Clinical use: **Sepsis** caused by aerobic Gram-negative bacteria

Answer 34

Gentamicin

Question 35

Clinical use: Synergistic activity in **endocarditis** caused by streptococci, staphylococci, and enterococci

Answer 35

Gentamicin

Question 36

In gentamicin toxicity, which is **reversible**? a. nephrotoxicity b. ototoxicity

Answer 36

a. nephrotoxicity

Question 37

More active than gentamicin versus **Pseudomonas**

Answer 37

Tobramycin

Question 38

Used before **bowel surgery** to decrease aerobic flora

Answer 38

Neomycin