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PCOL MIDTERMS > UNIT 12: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS > Flashcards

UNIT 12: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS Flashcards

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1
Q

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Should not be taken with milk/dairy, antacids, or ferrous sulfate

A

Tetracyclins

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2
Q

Primary uses of Tetracyclins

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (in adults)
Chlamydiae
Rickettsiae
Vibrios
Spirochetes

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3
Q

Drug of choice for Vibrios

A

Tetracyclins

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4
Q

Secondary uses of Tetracyclins

A

Alternative to:
- Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
- Syphilis

Chronic bronchitis
Leptospirosis
Acne

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5
Q

The alternative to macrolides in treatment of syphilis

A

Doxycycline

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6
Q

Gastrointestinal ulcers caused by H. pylori

A

Tetracycline

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7
Q

Meningococcal carrier state

A

Minocycline

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8
Q

Lyme disease

A

Doxycycline

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9
Q

Malaria prophylaxis

A

Doxycycline

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10
Q

Amebiasis

A

Doxycycline

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11
Q

Tetracyclines (5)

A

Doxycycline
Minocycline
Tigecycline
Eravacycline
Omadacycline

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12
Q

The only tetracyclines excreted through the fecal route (2)

A

Doxycycline
Tigecycline

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13
Q

Short-acting (6-8 hours)

A

Tetracycline

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14
Q

Intermediate-acting (12 hrs)

A

Demeclocycline

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15
Q

Long-acting (16-18 hrs)

A

Doxycycline
Minocycline

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16
Q

Longer half-lives than long-acting tetracyclins (3)

A

Tetracycline (30-36 hrs)
Eravacycline
Omadacycline

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17
Q

Tetracycline resistance mechanisms (3)

A

Impaired influx/Increased efflux
Ribosome protection proteins
Enzymatic inactivation

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18
Q

Given to patients with excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-secreting tumors

A

Demeclocycline

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19
Q

Cytochrome P450 inhibitors (2)

A

Erythromycin (Macrolides)
Quinupristin-dalfopristin (Streptogramins)

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20
Q

Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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21
Q

Photosensitivity

A

Tetracyclines

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22
Q

Deposition in bone and teeth

A

Tetracyclines

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23
Q

Severe infusion-related myalgias and arthralgias (arthralgia-myalgia syndrome)

A

Quinupristin-dalfopristin

Streptogramins

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24
Q

Dose-related anemia
Idiosyncratic aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol

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25
Serotonin syndrome
Linezolid | Oxazolidinones
26
Duration-dependent bone marrow suppression
Linezolid | Oxazolidinones
27
Optic neuritis
Linezolid | Oxazolidinones
28
Cytochrome P450 3A4 substrate
Lefamulin | Pleuromutilins
29
Binds to 23S ribosomal RNA of 50S subunit
Linezolid | Oxazolidinones
30
Clinical use: Pertussis Corynebacterial and chlamydial infections
Erythromycin
31
Hematologic toxicity (thrombocytopenia)
Linezolid | Oxazolidinones
32
Activity against **STI-causing organisms**
Lefamulin | Pleuromutilins
33
Lefamulin
Pleuromutilins
34
Oxazolidinones (2)
Linezolid Tedizolid
35
Quinupristin-dalfopristin
Streptogramins
36
Used with **Penicillin G** for **toxic shock syndrome**, **necrotizing fasciitis**
Clindamycin
37
**Chlorine-substituted** derivative of lincomycin
Clindamycin
38
Clinical use: Skin and soft tissue infections
Clindamycin
39
Used with **aminoglycoside** or **cephalosporin** for: **Septic abortion** Penetrating wounds Pelvic abscesses Pelvic inflammatory disease Lung and periodontal abscesses
Clindamycin
40
Clinical use: Infections caused by **staphylococci** or **vancomycin-resistant strains** of *enterococci (E. faecium)*
Quinupristin-dalfopristin | Streptogramins
41
Effective alternate for **Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia** in patients with AIDS
Clindamycin + Primaquine
42
For **AIDS-related toxoplasmosis** of the brain
Clindamycin + Pyrimethamine
43
Toxicity: **Colitis** due to C. difficile
Clindamycin
44
Ketolides (2)
Telithromycin Solithromycin
45
Minimally absorbed macrolide used to treat **C. difficile infections**
Fidaxomicin
46
Macrolides (4)
Erythromycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin Fidaxomicin
47
Characterized by a **macrocyclic lactone ring**
Macrolides
48
**Prototype drug** of macrolides
Erythromycin
49
Prevents **transpeptidation** by blocking the **polypeptide exit tunnel**
Erythromycin
50
Destroyed by stomach acid and must be administered with **enteric coating**
Erythromycin
51
**Traditional DOC** for: Corynebacterial infections **(diptheria, corynebacterial sepsis)** Respiratory, neonatal, ocular, or genital chlamydial infections
Erythromycin
52
Combined with oral neomycin and kanamycin for **colon preoperative operation**
Oral erythromycin base
53
# True or False A higher dose of erythromycin is recommended for treating **pneumonia** caused by **Legionella pneumophila**
True
54
Causes gastroparesis (off-label use)
Erythromycin
55
Causes **acute cholestatic hepatitis**
Erythromycin
56
Causes **gastrointestinal intolerance**
Erythromycin
57
Derived from erythromycin by addition of a **methyl group**
Clarithromycin
58
Derived from erythromycin by addition of a **methylated nitrogen**
Azithromycin
59
Torsades de pointes arrhythmia
Azithromycin
60
Exacerbates **myasthenia gravis**
Telithromycin | Ketolides
61
**Ketolide** used for treatment of **community-acquired pneumonia**
Solithromycin
62
Increased risk of death with **hospital-acquired** and **ventilator-associated pneumonia**
Tigecycline
63
**Drug of choice** for most infections caused by **Rickettsiae** and **Borrelia sp.**: **Rocky Mountain Spotted fever** **Lyme disease**
Tetracycline
64
**Oral tetracycline of choice** for most indications
Doxycycline
65
Tooth enamel dysplasia
Tetracyclines
66
Fanconi syndrome
Outdated tetracyclines
67
Candidiasis (oral and vaginal)
Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol
68
Neither an inducer nor an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes
Linezolid | Oxazolidinones
69
Inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with the formation of **initiation complexes** and with **aminoacyl translocation** reactions
Clindamycin

PCOL MIDTERMS (10 decks)

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