Unit 10 - Personality

Question 1

an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting

• struggle between impulse and restraint

Answer 1

personality

Question 2

method designed to explore the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

Answer 2

free association

Question 3

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

• Freud’s treatment techniques

Answer 3

psychoanalysis

Question 4

according to freud, the thought, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are largely unaware

Answer 4

unconscious

Question 5

forgotten memories that we can easily recall

Answer 5

preconscious

Question 6

the basic defense mechanism that banishes from conscious anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

Answer 6

repression

Question 7

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream

Answer 7

manifest content

Question 8

operates on the pleasure principle

Answer 8

id

Question 9

reality principle

Answer 9

ego

Question 10

according to Freud, the part of personality that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards

Answer 10

superego

Question 11

Freud’s psychosexual stages

Answer 11

• oral
• anal
• phallic
• latency
• genital

Question 12

coping with anxiety by retreating to behavior patterns characteristic of an earlier, more infantile stage of development

Answer 12

regression

Question 13

refers to the process by which people disguise unacceptable, unconscious impulses by attributing them to others

Answer 13

projection

Question 14

shifting sexual or aggressive impulse toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

Answer 14

displacement

Question 15

defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even perceive painful realities

Answer 15

denial

Question 16

refers to the process by which people consciously express feeling that are the opposite of unacceptable unconscious reasons for action

Answer 16

reaction formation

Question 17

the transformation of unacceptable impulses into socially values motivations

Answer 17

sublimation

Question 18

according to Carl Jung, a shared reservoir of memory traces from our species history

Answer 18

collective unconscious

Question 19

tests that present ambiguous stimuli designed to uncover hidden personality dynamics

Answer 19

projective tests

Question 20

a project test in which people express their inner feeling and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Answer 20

thematic apperception test

Question 21

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and our behaviors

Answer 21

false consensus effect

Question 22

emphasizes the importance of our capacity for healthy growth and self-realization

Answer 22

humanistic perspective

Question 23

which theorist emphasized that an individuals personal growth is promoted by interactions with others who are genuine, accepting, and empathetic

Answer 23

Carl rogers

Question 24

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports

Answer 24

triat

Question 25

a statistical procedure that allows researchers to identify clusters of correlated test items

Answer 25

factor analysis

Question 26

personality inventory that utilizes only those items that have been shown to differentiate particular groups of people

Answer 26

empirically derived

Question 27

the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests - originally developed to identify emotional disorders; now used for many other screening purposes

Answer 27

MMPI (minnesota multiphasic personality inventory)

Question 28

the tendency to accept favorable descriptions of ones personally that could really be applied to almost anyone

Answer 28

Barnum effect

Question 29

refers to the five basic trait dimensions (CANOE)

Answer 29

conscientiousness agreeableness neuroticism openness extraversion

Question 30

emphasizes the interactive influence of our traits and our situations

Answer 30

social-cognitive perspective

Question 31

in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions

Answer 31

self

Question 32

overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance

Answer 32

spotlight effect

Question 33

refers to our feeling of high or low self-worth

Answer 33

self-esteem

Question 34

the tendency to accept more personal responsibility for ones successes then for ones failures

Answer 34

self-serving bias