Unit 1.1

Question 1

Ecology def

Answer 1

the study of the interactions and relationships among organisms and their abiotic environments.

Question 2

evolution def

Answer 2

development or change of species over time resulting in differences among organisms

Question 3

why do we study eco and evo together

Answer 3

because together they provide the framework to study and understand life on earth

Question 4

Darwins popular book

Answer 4

ORgin of Species

Question 5

Descent with modification 3 big factors

Answer 5

new species are produced from old species
new species are distinctly different from old species
all species evolved from a common ancestor

Question 6

thomas malthus was a what

Answer 6

an economist

Question 7

what did malthus say

Answer 7

the the exponential rate of human population growth is greater than the rate of increased food supply. if unchecked, famine will occur

Question 8

those with favorable variatons or who can better acquire resources can…….

Answer 8

survive while others do not.

Question 9

NATURAL SELECTION is what processe

Answer 9

ecological processes are driving evolution

Question 10

what does it mean that adaptations to the envrionment result from organisms of different genotypes in a population contributing differently to the gene pool of succeeding generations

Answer 10

natual selection

Question 11

how does natural selection relate to inheritable traits

Answer 11

organisms inherit traits that increase their finess relative to others.

Question 12

Adaptation def

Answer 12

a characteristic trait that enables an organism to survive and/or reproduce in a particular place and time

Question 13

survive and reproduce is a way for what

Answer 13

an organism to pass on their genes/traits

Question 14

FITNESS is what in depth

Answer 14

a meausre of reproductive success determined by the contribution made to future generations

Question 15

FITNESS simple

Answer 15

survival and reproduction

Question 16

the more you contribute, the _____ your fitness

Answer 16

higher

Question 17

Are all traits either selected for, or against, by the environment.

Answer 17

No, not all

Question 18

there are ____ many points for understnading evolution via natural selection

Answer 18

4

Question 19

1st point to understnad evolution ….

Answer 19

there are differences between individuals in the same species

Question 20

2nd point to understand evolution…

Answer 20

characteristics can be inherited

Question 21

3rd point to understand evolution….

Answer 21

the environment will have different effects on individuals with different phenotypes

Question 22

4th point to understand evolution….

Answer 22

some genotypes and their phenotypes are more likely selected by the environment, while others are more likely selected against

Question 23

TOLERANCE def

Answer 23

in ecology, tolerance refers to the idea that organisms live within a range of too much and too little

Question 24

an organisms ability to _____ certain ______ conditions, will determine its _______ success, _____, and ability to ______

Answer 24

tolerate, environmental, reproductive, growth, survive

Question 25

Tolerance curve x and y axis

Answer 25

x axis is environmental conditions and y axis is the response of species

Question 26

Regions of tolerance curve

Answer 26

zone of intolerance, then lower limit, then section of survival, then growth, then GREATEST FITNESS in center, then growth, survival, the upper limit, and then a zone of intolerance

Question 27

is the range of tolderance fixed ?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

why isnt tolerance fixed ?

Answer 28

the environment is never constant. so an organisms range of tolerance is likely to change accordingly.

Question 29

Population def

Answer 29

a group of a given species at any scale

Question 30

community def

Answer 30

multiple populations in a given place

Question 31

ecosystem def

Answer 31

living and nonliving together. community and environment. biotic and abiotic

Question 32

environment

Answer 32

the factors in which an organism interacts with

Question 33

phenotype

Answer 33

the physical trait. outward expression

Question 34

genotype

Answer 34

the genetic material , its what causes phenotypes

Question 35

species

Answer 35

organisms that can sexually reproduce and produce fertile offspring

Question 36

a populations or species range of tolerance can be linked to what

Answer 36

the range of phenotypes expressed at any given time

Question 37

in general, max fitness is obtained by what

Answer 37

phenotypes that are best suited for the intermediate portion of the environment

Question 38

Modes of selection types

Answer 38

directional selection and stabilizing selection and disruptive

Question 39

directional selection def

Answer 39

sometimes there may be a tendency for the phenotypes in a population or species to shift toward one extreme OR the other

Question 40

ex of WHY directional selection

Answer 40

the environment might change and there are differences among the individuals

Question 41

stabilizing selection def

Answer 41

sometimes there will be a tendency for the phenotypes in population or species to become constrained around the intermediate area of max fitness

Question 42

ex of WHY stabilizing selection

Answer 42

they lose the extremes. and the environment isnt really changing. or ex 2 is that the only place to survive is the middle because the extremes are so intense

Question 43

Disruptive Selection def

Answer 43

when there might be a tendency for the phenotypes to shift to both Extremes. A bi-modal range

Question 44

ex of why disruptive selection

Answer 44

a new illness goes for the most abundant phenotype to affect the most