Unit 2.2

Question 1

trophic is related to what

Answer 1

feeding

Question 2

predator def

Answer 2

an organism that subdues and consumes another living organism as a source of energy

Question 3

detritivores def

Answer 3

organisms that consume dead organic material

Question 4

scavengers def

Answer 4

animals that consume dead animals subdued by others

Question 5

decomposers def

Answer 5

organisms that breakdown dead organic material into elemental components

Question 6

what are decomposers mainly

Answer 6

bacteria and fungi

Question 7

predators include what

Answer 7

parasitoids, cannibals, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores

Question 8

parasitoids def

Answer 8

a parasite that kills their host

Question 9

cannibals def

Answer 9

organisms that consume their own kind

Question 10

herbivores def

Answer 10

organisms that consume living plant tissue

Question 11

carnivores def

Answer 11

organisms that consume living animal tissue

Question 12

omnivores def

Answer 12

organisms that feed on tissues from more than one kingdom

Question 13

prey def

Answer 13

an organism that is consumed by another organism

Question 14

what does the lotka volterra predation model show

Answer 14

the relationship between predator and prey abundance

Question 15

what assumption is the lotka volterra predation model based on

Answer 15

the assumption that predator and prey interactions are the only driving force regulating populations

Question 16

what do populations of predators and prey do over time

Answer 16

they will oscillate in a cycle over time

Question 17

current state of low prey and high predator will lead to what

Answer 17

to low prey and low predators

Question 18

current state of low prey and low predator will lead to what

Answer 18

to high prey and low predatorsc

Question 19

current state of high prey and low predator will lead to what

Answer 19

to high prey and high predator

Question 20

current state of high prey and high predator will lead to what

Answer 20

to low prey and high predator

Question 21

data input graph leads to what

Answer 21

prediciton model of an output graph

Question 22

predator isocline def

Answer 22

verticle line marking zero growth of predators

Question 23

prey isocline def

Answer 23

horizontal line marking zero growth of prey

Question 24

what are the two major types of predator and prey interactions

Answer 24

plant- herivore
herbivore- carnivore (or carnivore-carnivore)

Question 25

what happens to plant in plant-herbivore interaction

Answer 25

either parts or entire plant may be consumed

Question 26

what happens in most cases to plants in plant-herb interaction

Answer 26

there is a negative impact on the plants fitness

Question 27

is there ever a positive effect on the plant in a plant-herb interaction

Answer 27

yes, like seed dispersal

Question 28

do plant-herb interactions match the lotka volterrra model and why

Answer 28

rarely. because of abundance of plants

Question 29

are predators ever limited by amounts of prey

Answer 29

yes, sometimes depends on location, herbivore's specialty of eating, or if there's a limited space for the plants to groups.

Question 30

what in a plants community can be influenced by herbivores

Answer 30

richness, succession, and ecosystem function

Question 31

herb affecting plant richness

Answer 31

by altering competition so that dominant plants cant take over

Question 32

herb affecting plant successin

Answer 32

by preventing certain plants from estabishing

Question 33

herb affecting plant ecosystem function

Answer 33

the function of plants will be determined by their composition and fitness

Question 34

what does the amount of influence herbivory has on a plant community depend on

Answer 34

the type of predators the types and degrees of plant defenses the predators abilities to counter the plant defenses

Question 35

monophagous def

Answer 35

specialists that eat one type of plant

Question 36

polyphagous def

Answer 36

specialists that eat multiple types of plants

Question 37

plant defenses ex

Answer 37

noxious chemicals mechanical repellents reproductive inhibition predator satiation defensive associations

Question 38

quantitative part of noxious chemicals

Answer 38

substances ingested in large amounts that prevent digestion, the more you eat , the less is digested

Question 39

qualitative part of noxious chemicals

Answer 39

toxin substances ingested in small amounts that often result in death, often have selective toxicity

Question 40

type of mechanical defense

Answer 40

spines or thorns

Question 41

type of repellent defense

Answer 41

substances that repel herbivores without ingestion, like thistles

Question 42

reproductive inhibiiton defense

Answer 42

hormone derivatives that prevent sexual development

Question 43

predator satiation defense

Answer 43

production of additional biomass to offset loss to herbivorse

Question 44

defensive associations defense

Answer 44

when palatable plants hang out with unpalatable plants

Question 45

what does the arms race mean

Answer 45

herbivores evolved to deal with the plant defenses

Question 46

what might herbivores do in the arms race

Answer 46

metabolize chemicals incorporate chemicals into their own systems become physically resistant to mechanical deterrents

Question 47

list of prey defenses to advoid being eaten

Answer 47

chemicals warning colors camouflage mimicry armor and weapons intimidation power in numbers

Question 48

chemicals for prey defenses

Answer 48

toxins, repellents, pheromones

Question 49

warning colors for prey defenses

Answer 49

advertise being unpalatable or poisonous reduce risk of injury

Question 50

camouflage for prey defenses

Answer 50

blending in with the environment to avoid detection

Question 51

what are the 2 major types of mimicry

Answer 51

batesian mimicry and mullerian mimicry

Question 52

batesian mimicry def

Answer 52

a palatable organism mimics an unpalatable one

Question 53

mullerian mimicry def

Answer 53

2 or more different impalatable prey mimic each other

Question 54

armor and weapons def

Answer 54

physical protection

Question 55

intimidation def

Answer 55

can you scare a predator away?

Question 56

power in numbers def

Answer 56

overwhelm predators and/or reduce chance of bing selected

Question 57

what are some predator offenses

Answer 57

hunting tactics, cryptic coloration and mimicry, hunting adaptiation

Question 58

cryptic coloration and mimicry def

Answer 58

can actually look like another organism to get closer to prey

Question 59

hunting tactics examples

Answer 59

ambush, stalk and trap, search and pursue

Question 60

hunting adaptations def

Answer 60

for detecting and captureing prey, add in teeth and claws, heightened sensory capabilities, morphological boosters

Question 61

prey defenses high what means low what

Answer 61

increasing energy means decreasing time increasing time means decreasing energy

Question 62

do herb-carn interactions match the lotka voletera model

Answer 62

more commonly, yes, because predators are limited by amounts of prey