Unit 2.1

Question 1

Community ecology def

Answer 1

the interactions among different species

Question 1

what does community ecology consider

Answer 1

the cost or benefit to each species/organism

Question 2

Neutral Interactions def

Answer 2

there is no cost or benefit to either species. (0,0)

Question 3

Positive interactions def

Answer 3

both species benefit (+ +)

Question 4

negative interactions def

Answer 4

both species experience some cost (- -)

Question 5

positive-negative interactions

Answer 5

one benefits and one will experience a cost ( + - )

Question 6

examples of pos-neg interactions

Answer 6

predation, parasitism, competition at times

Question 7

one sided interactions def

Answer 7

one experiences a benfit or cost, while the other is unaffected ( - 0) or (+ 0)

Question 8

commensalism is 0, -, + what

Answer 8

(+ 0)

Question 9

amensalism is 0, -, + what

Answer 9

(- 0)

Question 10

competition def

Answer 10

when 2 or more organisms use a common resource that is in limited supply

Question 11

key word to competition

Answer 11

limited supply

Question 12

intraspecific

Answer 12

individuals of same species compete

Question 13

interspecific

Answer 13

individuals of diff species compete

Question 14

interference competition def

Answer 14

when there is a direct interaction btwn competitors

Question 15

exploitative competition def

Answer 15

indirect, when the limited resource is consumed by one of the competitors

Question 16

when did competition as a major factor in ecology come to the forefront and by who

Answer 16

by Gause in 1934

Question 17

Gauses Principle says what

Answer 17

2 species with identical ecological requirements cannot occupy the same environment

Question 18

who had the competitive exclusion principle and when

Answer 18

Hardin in 1960

Question 19

were hardins and gauses principles the same? were they accurate?

Answer 19

yes and no. they were the same thing but not very accurate. we just thank them for bringing attention to competition as a while

Question 20

what does competition usually refer to

Answer 20

a single resource

Question 21

diffuse competition def

Answer 21

costs of competing for multiple resources at low intensities is compounded to an overall high cost

Question 22

whats better, lab or filed experiments

Answer 22

both are needed

Question 23

what are 2 long term outcomes of competititon

Answer 23

exclusion
resource partitioning

Question 24

exclusion def

Answer 24

when one of the competitors is no longer able to physically exist in the environment in question

Question 25

resource partitioning def

Answer 25

when the competitiors partition the common resource into different, specific resources

Question 26

is resource partitioning sharing

Answer 26

NO.

Question 27

what is resource partitioning usually associated with

Answer 27

with some sort of change in the physiology, behavior, habitat, or morphology

Question 28

what is it called whtn the morphology is changed

Answer 28

character displacement

Question 29

ex of character displacement

Answer 29

darwins finches

Question 30

symbiosis def

Answer 30

an intimate and protracted association between 2 or more organisms of different species

Question 31

endosymbiosis def

Answer 31

when the association involves one of the organisms living within the other

Question 32

lichen isss

Answer 32

algae and fungi

Question 33

coral isss

Answer 33

algae and animal

Question 34

what are the three symbiotic relationships

Answer 34

mutualism commensalism parasitism

Question 35

mutuallism + - 0

Answer 35

+ +

Question 36

commensalism + - 0

Answer 36

+ 0

Question 37

parasitism + - 0

Answer 37

+ -

Question 38

what could symbiosis result in

Answer 38

coevolution

Question 39

coevoltution def

Answer 39

certain traits of each species evolve in response to the traits of the other. like an adaptation game

Question 40

mutualism def

Answer 40

a positive reciprocal relationship where both parties enhance their fitness

Question 41

ex of mutualism

Answer 41

endosymbiotic relationship found in lichens

Question 42

why is lichen a thing

Answer 42

they feed each other. and they can exist where other things cannot

Question 43

what are involved in coral

Answer 43

polyp like anthozoan and binoflagellate algae

Question 44

what are involved in pollinators

Answer 44

animals move pollen from one flower to another

Question 45

what are involved in seed dispersers

Answer 45

animals that disperse sseds away from the parent plant

Question 46

commensalism 5 examples

Answer 46

its 0 + epiphite plants (snake plant on trees) barnicles on grey whales clown fish in amenomee algae that grow on sloth egret and wildabeast

Question 47

parasitism is when what

Answer 47

one of the parties enhances their fitness by getting nutrients from the other party

Question 48

do parasites kill ?

Answer 48

no

Question 49

what are parasitoids

Answer 49

parasites that do kill their host outright

Question 50

is parasitism symbiotic or not?

Answer 50

depends on the situation, it can be either

Question 51

microparasites def

Answer 51

very small with short generation times (viruses, bacteria, protists)

Question 52

macroparasites def

Answer 52

relatively large, usually external (ticks, leeches, fungi, mistletoe, worms)

Question 53

ectoparasites def

Answer 53

live outside the hosts body

Question 54

endoparasites def

Answer 54

live inside the hosts body

Question 55

monophagous def

Answer 55

feed off 1 or 2-3 closely related species

Question 56

polyphagous def

Answer 56

feed of multiple species

Question 57

what are some micro endoparasites that cause illnessess

Answer 57

viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists, prions

Question 58

prions are what? found where?

Answer 58

proteins found in vertebrate brains

Question 59

what are some effects that parasites can have on their hosts

Answer 59

biochemical, abnormal growth, seterility, and behavior

Question 60

special about the lancet fluke?

Answer 60

infects snails, ants, cows, back to snails. each in different effects

Question 61

social parasitism def

Answer 61

where one organism is parasitically dependent upon the social organization of another

Question 62

what are the 2 major forms of social parasitism

Answer 62

brood parasitism and kleptoparasitism

Question 63

brood parasitism def

Answer 63

imposing the care of eggs or young onto surrogate parents

Question 64

kleptoparasitism def

Answer 64

forcible theft of prey by the parasite from the host (usually not symbiotic) . occurs in insects and mammals etc.

Question 65

what is the impact of a parastie on a host population dependent on

Answer 65

density

Question 66

denisty def

Answer 66

concentration, not abundance

Question 67

density dependence is when what

Answer 67

when the degree of an interaction is based on the density of the organisms involved

Question 68

what is something that is density independent

Answer 68

volcanos, hurricanes, etc.

Question 69

long term effect of parasties

Answer 69

can lead to a co evolution process that maximizes fitness in both populations