Unit 1.2

Question 1

Why are there differences among people

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

Was darwin thinking about genetics

Answer 2

yes, paragenetics

Question 3

Gemmules def

Answer 3

they carried the info for tratis and build up in the body depending on the environment

Question 4

what is used now relating to trait inheritance

Answer 4

Genetics and Epigenics

Question 5

DNA def

Answer 5

genetic material, mechanism to store info most efficiently

Question 6

Genes def

Answer 6

DNA segments that transcribe to form RNA

Question 7

mRNA def

Answer 7

translates into proteins responsible for traits

Question 8

Whats in proteins

Answer 8

structure, enzymes

Question 9

enzyems def

Answer 9

faciliates chemical reactions

Question 10

variability among individuals is a function of what

Answer 10

the differences in genetic material inherite

Question 11

what is genetic variation the raw material for

Answer 11

the raw material for evolution

Question 12

is genetic variaton occuring at random and by chance ?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

Mutation def

Answer 13

any change in the DNA

Question 14

mutation in prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Answer 14

primary mechanism in pro and leads to more in euk

Question 15

when do mutations occur

Answer 15

during DNA replication and prior to cell division

Question 16

Point of Base pairs def

Answer 16

substitutions, deletions, or insertion of base pairs

Question 17

what has more of an impact, substitutions, deleters or insertions

Answer 17

deletion or insertion

Question 18

Transposable elements are also called what

Answer 18

transposons

Question 19

transposons def

Answer 19

segments of the DNA that can move from one area to another

Question 20

What are the 3 different levels that mutation could affect phenotype

Answer 20

none, slight, drastic

Question 21

no affect on phenotype by mutation

Answer 21

is most common
is usually a mutation of a non-coding region
wont change the phenotype

Question 22

slight affect on phenotype by mutation

Answer 22

means that the amino acid substitution had minimal effect on the protein

Question 23

drastic affect on phenotype by mutation

Answer 23

is vary rare
could create a completely new trait of a complex of traits.

Question 24

other forms of mutation occur at ____ level

Answer 24

chromosome

Question 25

how are changes in the structure of a chromosome made

Answer 25

through dramatic deletions, duplications or inversions of large chromosome segments

Question 26

changes in the number of chromosomes are either __ or __

Answer 26

Aneuploidy or Polyploidy

Question 27

Aneuploidy def

Answer 27

missing or additional chromosomes

Question 28

Polyploidy

Answer 28

variations in whole sets of chromosomes

Question 29

in sexual reproduction for eukaryotes, genetic variation also comes about via (3)

Answer 29

crossing over independent assortment fertilization

Question 30

crossing over is what

Answer 30

the exchange of material between homologous chromosomes during early meiosis instantly doubles the possibility for variation

Question 31

independent assortment def

Answer 31

Random arrangement of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I and of chromatids in meiosis II during metaphase

Question 32

fertilization def

Answer 32

which egg and whcih sperm (both with unique geneotypes) are actually combined. Random

Question 33

IN sexually reproducing organisms, what traits are inherited

Answer 33

the traied coded for in the gametes

Question 34

Are DNA mutations in somatic cells passed on

Answer 34

no

Question 35

are offspring products of chance and probability or logic and reasoning

Answer 35

chance and probability

Question 36

are the fittest traits always the ones getting passed on?

Answer 36

no

Question 37

where are new trait mutations that originate in the parents gametes first expressed

Answer 37

by the offspring they are expressed

Question 38

teleological def

Answer 38

there is a purpose to it

Question 39

is natural selection teleological ?

Answer 39

no

Question 40

Are there goals or a purpose to adaptions

Answer 40

no

Question 41

If the mutation is beneficial what will happen

Answer 41

natural selection will stick with it

Question 42

natural selection is a mechanism based on _____ meaning not _____ and not a ______

Answer 42

probability, random, guarantee