Unit 1.3

Question 1

What types of words should we use when talking about natural selection

Answer 1

“more likey to” or “less likely to”

Question 2

Describe the little chart of Natural Selection

Answer 2

is Environment-> selects for -> Genetic Material -> produces -> Traits -> interact with -> environment
and selection is based on fitness

Question 3

Genes that produce traits that tend to increase fitness are _______ to be selected by the environment

Answer 3

more likely

Question 4

genes that produce traits that tend to ——– fitness are less likely to be selected by the environment

Answer 4

decrease

Question 5

We are linking the environment and biota .. how?

Answer 5

by considering relationships between organisms, energy, and matter

Question 6

there are 3 major concepts about organisms, energy and matter. whats the first one.

Answer 6

energy flow in ecosystems is linear, and not a circle

Question 7

there are 3 major concepts about organisms, energy and matter. whats the second one.

Answer 7

matter constantly recycles and moves in numerous cycles withing and among ecosystems

Question 8

there are 3 major concepts about organisms, energy and matter. whats the third one.

Answer 8

the abiotic environment will ultimately determine whre na dhow successfully species live

Question 9

matter def

Answer 9

anything with mass that takes up space

Question 10

energy def

Answer 10

the capacity to do work

Question 11

energy ex

Answer 11

chemical, heat, radiant, electrical, etc

Question 12

work def

Answer 12

any change in the state or motion of matter

Question 13

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 13

energy cannot be created or destroyed. although it can be transffered or changed

Question 14

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 14

entropy tends to increase

Question 15

entropy def

Answer 15

is the state of disorder

Question 16

all living things require what

Answer 16

energy

Question 17

all systems tend to go towards what

Answer 17

entropy

Question 18

all systems are not _____- into chas

Answer 18

spontaneously expoding

Question 19

why do all biological systems require energy

Answer 19

to advoid entropy and to do work

Question 20

how do organisms most efficiently acquire and process energy

Answer 20

by maintaining consistency (most effective)

Question 21

what do organisms attempt to do when the external environment changes

Answer 21

maintain a steady internal environment

Question 22

Homeostasis def

Answer 22

maintenance of a relatively constant interal environment despite the external environment

Question 23

what are the big 3 terms

Answer 23

natural selection, fitness, homeostasis

Question 24

why is the body at 98.6

Answer 24

to let the body be optimal, so that energy can be used elsewhere

Question 25

what is homeostatis

Answer 25

the optimal balnce, as well as it is a trait

Question 26

is the relationship btwen organisms and temperature important

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

what does temp do

Answer 27

regulate all kinds of things

Question 28

poikilotherm def

Answer 28

have variable internal temperatures

Question 29

homeotherms def

Answer 29

have realtively constant internal temperatures

Question 30

ectotherms def

Answer 30

use the external environment to maintain internal temperatures

Question 31

endotherms def

Answer 31

use internal processes to maintain internal temperatures

Question 32

stenotherm def

Answer 32

exist only in a narrow range of external temperatures

Question 33

eurytherms def

Answer 33

may exist in a wide range of external tempertaures

Question 34

name the different temp and organisms relationships

Answer 34

poikilotherms and homeotherms ectotherms and endotherms stenotherms and eurytherms

Question 35

can things that are one name like (homeo) act like a poikilo? and so on?

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

are different strategies always mutually exclusive

Answer 36

no

Question 37

what do biological systems use energy for

Answer 37

to fight off entropy and then do work

Question 38

what is energy used for

Answer 38

to maintain order hold off entropy and do work

Question 39

what is the constant source of energy on earth

Answer 39

the sun

Question 40

what is the constant source of matter from on earth

Answer 40

due to the biogeochemical cycles

Question 41

what are the 6 major ecological cycles

Answer 41

transfer of energy water cycle carbon cycle oxygen cycle nutrient cycles - phosphate and nitrogen i think population and community cycles

Question 42

overview of the transfer of energy cycle

Answer 42

sun gives to primary producers, then consumers, they all do respiration, and then die (also do respiration, all ultimately produce heat

Question 43

overview of the water cycle

Answer 43

it rains, evaporates, rains, evaporates, etc.

Question 44

overview of the carbon cycle

Answer 44

co2 is in the air,, it is then photosynthesised by plants, then goes through detritus, then to fossil fuels which are somehow burned into co2 again. in addition, there are consumers in the center who perform respiration for co2, and would die and go to the detritus area

Question 45

overview of the nitrogen cycle

Answer 45

n2 in air goes through nitrogen fixing to make ammonium, then nitrification to make both nitrites and nitrate, then denitrification to make n2 again.

Question 46

photosynthesis process

Answer 46

co2 and h2o makes glucose and o2

Question 47

cellular respiration process

Answer 47

glucose and o2 make co2 and h20 and atp

Question 48

Overview of the phosphorus cycle

Answer 48

Plants are eaten by animals, are eaten by decomposers, which lead to phosphate in the soil, which grows the plants

Question 49

where is phosphate found

Answer 49

in DNA, in genetic material, in ATP , and in phospholipids in the cells

Question 50

What does equilibrium measure

Answer 50

A system state that does not change over time

Question 51

What does dynamic equilibrium measure

Answer 51

a system state that changes over time within a normal range

Question 52

When a disturbance hits, what happens to the equilbrium

Answer 52

It no longer looks like how it should. not oppurating per usual.

Question 53

resistance on the graph

Answer 53

could be a straight line, in the normal range, but bordering leaving it

Question 54

resilience on the graph

Answer 54

is outside of the normal range and at a constant fluxuation

Question 55

succession def

Answer 55

the progression of changing species in a community

Question 56

Disturbance def

Answer 56

any relatively discrete event in time that disrupt community structure, and change the physical environment

Question 57

extra info that kris said about disturbances to help with essays

Answer 57

they are not good or bad, they are essential, we know their start and end, and they are described in terms of frequency and magnitude

Question 58

frequency def

Answer 58

the number of events per time period

Question 59

magnitude def

Answer 59

is the measure of intensity and severity

Question 60

intensity def

Answer 60

physical force of event per time

Question 61

severity def

Answer 61

impact on the organism, community, or ecosystem

Question 62

what is hard about severity measurements

Answer 62

you need a before to understand the after. measuring the before is difficult.

Question 63

What are the 2 basic ways in which ecological systems may respond to disturbances?

Answer 63

through resistance or resilience

Question 64

resistance def

Answer 64

the capacity to maintain natural function and structure after a disturbance

Question 65

resilience

Answer 65

the capacity to recover after a natural disturbance

Question 66

homogeneous def

Answer 66

of uniform nature, similar in kind

Question 67

heterogenous def

Answer 67

differing in kind, variations throughout

Question 68

what do disturbances that affect different portions of the environment differently result in

Answer 68

patches

Question 69

patch def

Answer 69

continuous, nonlinear surface area within a landscape that differs from the surrounding areas (discrete pattern)

Question 70

what picture can we image due to patches

Answer 70

a mosaic

Question 71

what are the major forms of changes in the environment

Answer 71

disturbances

Question 72

at what stage does the mosaic of patches occur at

Answer 72

all stages, micro to macro

Question 73

environment def

Answer 73

generally do not have well defined borders

Question 74

ecotones def

Answer 74

the transitional area between two different ecosystems

Question 75

what is an example of an ecotone

Answer 75

wetland, riparian zones, edge habitats, estuaries

Question 76

ecotones are often what

Answer 76

the most productive and diverse places on the landscape .