Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Unit 11: Cell Division > Flashcards

Unit 11: Cell Division Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Cell Division

A

The process by which cells make more cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

New generation is created when the parent cell divides and forms two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

Results in offspring that receive genetic material from two parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gametes

A

Eggs and sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Binary Fission

A

Prokaryotic cell division that results in a cell replicating its DNA, increases its size, and divides into two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cell Cycle

A

Cell division in eukaryotic cells that proceeds through a number of steps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

M Phase

A

The parent cell divides into two daughter cells and consists of mitosis and cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mitosis

A

The separation of the chromosomes into two nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The division of the cell into two separate cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Interphase

A

The second stage of the cell cycle between two successive M phases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

S Phase

A

The replication of the entire DNA content of the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

G1 Phase

A

A time of preperation for S-phase DNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

G2 Phase

A

A time of preparation for M-phase mitosis and cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

G0 Phase

A

Cells that are not actively dividing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Karyotype

A

A portrait formed by the number and shapes of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Homologous Chromosomes

A

Chromosomes representing two of the same type, one received from the mother and one from the father

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

The X and Y chromosomes. Individuals with two X chromosomes are female and those with one X and one Y chromosome are male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Haploid

A

A cell with one complete set of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Diploid

A

A cell with two complete sets of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

Two identical copies of chromosomes from same parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Centromere

A

Physically holds the sister chromatids together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Prophase

A

First stage of mitosis in which chromosomes become visible and condense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mitotic Spindle

A

A structure made up of microtubules that pull the chromosomes into separate daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Centrosome

A

A compact structure that is the microtubule organizing centre for animal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Prometaphase
The second stage of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope breaks down and the microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes
26
Kinetochores
Protein complexes associated with one of the sister chromatids and forms the site of attachment for a single microtubule
27
Metaphase
Third stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the dividing cell
28
Anaphase
The fourth stage of mitosis where the sister chromatids separate
29
Telophase
Last stage of mitosis where cytosolic changes occur in preparation for the cells division into two new cells
30
Contractile Ring
A ring of actin filaments
31
Phargmoplast
Consists of overlapping microtubules that guide vesicles containing cell wall components to the middle of the cell
32
Cell Plate
The new cell wall in the middle of the dividing cell
33
Meiotic Cell Division
A form of cell division that includes two rounds of nuclear division
34
Prophase I
Chromosomes condense and homologous chromosomes appear
35
Synapsis
The homologous chromosomes lie side by side and exchange genetic information
36
Bivalent
A pair of synapsed chromosomes that creates a four-stranded structure
37
Non-Sister Chromatids
The chromatids attached to different centromeres
38
Chiasma
Crosslike structures within the bivalent
39
Crossover
The physical breakage and reunion between non-sister chromatids
40
Meiosis I
The reduction division where the number of chromosomes is halved
41
Metaphase I
Homolgous pairs line up in center of cell, with bivalents oriented randomly with respect to each other
42
Anaphase I
Homologous chromosomes separate but sister chromatids do not
43
Reductional Division
Refers to Meiosis I in which the number of chromosomes get reduced by half
44
Telophase I
Chromosomes uncoil slightly, a nuclear envelope briefly reappears, and the cytoplasm divides producing two separate cells
45
Meiosis II
Similar to mitosis except the nuclei have the haploid number of chromosomes and not the diploid number
46
Prophase II
The nuclear envelope breaks down and the chromosomes condense
47
Metaphase II
Chromosomes align in centre of cell wall components
48
Anaphase II
Sister chromatids separate
49
Telophase II
Nuclear envelope re-forms, chromosomes uncoil and the cytoplasm divides via cytokinesis
50
Equational Division
Refers to meiosis II in which cells have the same number of chromosomes at the beginning and end of meiosis II
51
Polar Bodies
Cells that contain only small amounts of cytoplasm
52
Zygote
A diploid cell from the fusing of gametes that have two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
53
Cyclins
Regulatory proteins that rise and fall with each turn of the cell cycle
54
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDK)
Always present in the cell but are only active when bound to the appropriate cyclin and help control progression through the cell cycle
55
Checkpoint
Regularly mechanisms in cells that block cyclin-CDK activity and prevent the activity required for the next step of the cell cycle
56
p53
A protein kinase that gets phosphorylated when DNA is damaged by radiation that activates the transcription of a gene that expresses a CDK inhibitor protein
57
Cancer
A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division
58
Oncogene
A cancer-causing gene
59
Proto-Oncogenes
Normal genes important in cell division, and only when mutated do they have the potential to cause cancer
60
Tumor Suppressors
Genes that prevent cell division by acting in opposition to proto-oncogenes

Biology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions