Unit 12

Question 1

Motor development is…

Answer 1

the study of changes in motor behaviour over the lifespan

Question 2

Adult movement is more commonly studied than other age groups

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The study of adulthood is important for…

Answer 3

Person and society reasons

Question 4

What is Ageism

Answer 4

The negative view that many people have concerning advancing age and elderly people

Question 5

Our ageing society has…

Answer 5

Risen

Question 6

In 1960, how many Americans reached over 100

Answer 6

3000

Question 7

In 2007 - 2011 how many Americans reached over 100

Answer 7

55000

Question 8

In 2050, how many Americans will reach 100

Answer 8

2.7 - 5 million

Question 9

Who is more likely to reach over 100, men or women

Answer 9

women

Question 10

What is ageing… (3)

Answer 10

Irreversible and Inevitable change over time

Occurs in all organs

Exerts major influence over the function of organism

Question 11

What shouldn’t ageing be

Answer 11

Negative view of the elderly
End stage
Irreversibly ill
Sitting in the corner staring at the window

Question 12

What ageing isn’t

Answer 12

Dying
Sick
Poor
Senile
Sexless
Hopeless
Helpless

Question 13

What declines with age

Answer 13

Cardiac output
Maximum heart rate
Vital capacity
Maximum ventilation
Muscle mass
Muscle fiber length
Nerve conductivity
Brain mass

Question 14

What increases with age

Answer 14

Blood pressure
Total cholesterol
Vascular resistance
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
Heart disease

Question 15

The aging cycle involves

Answer 15

Increase age = decrease exercise

Decrease physical abilities = increase fat

Feeling old = decrease stress, increase self esteem

Further decrease in physical activity

Physical deterioration

Question 16

What are the cited impediments to decrease in activity

Answer 16

Age
Income
Time
Motivation
Residency
Perception of effort required
Obesity
Perception of poor health
Disability

Question 17

What are societies expectations on age and physical activity

Answer 17

Age barriers

Age more severe than sex biases

Question 18

What are the stages of Gallahues model from down to up

Answer 18

Infant reflexes
Rudimentary movement
Fundamental movement
General movement
Specific movement
Specialised movement

Question 19

What does exercise do for nursing home patients

Answer 19

Work capacity
Resting heart rate
HDL
MaxVO2
Bone density
Flexibility
Muscle strength
Mental outlook

Question 20

Where does the ACSM position stand

Answer 20

Strongly supports regular exercise for older people

Improves muscle mass, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, strength increases

Decrease in risk of many diseases

Question 21

The ACSM thinks that exercise improves…

Answer 21

Bone health

Postural stability

Reduction in number of falls

Preservation of cognitive ability

Reduction in depression

Enhanced feelings of self control and efficacy

Question 22

The Danish Longitudinal study shows that

Answer 22

Active elders demonstrated lower mortality

Fewer heart attacks

Lower hip fractures

More independent life

Question 23

What happens to balance with age

Answer 23

Falls are more common

Balance is studied to determine its role in falling

Balance decline late in life and becomes conscious

Question 24

When is postural sway refined

Answer 24

During childhood

Question 25

What happens to postural sway in the 6th decade What happens by the 8th decade

Answer 25

gradual decrease Postural control looks like a 6 to 9 year old

Question 26

Falls cause what... Falls increase with...

Answer 26

More accidental deaths in elderly than anything else Age

Question 27

What are the causes of falling

Answer 27

Reduced vision Less physical activity Increased medication Lower foot raise during walking

Question 28

Who is more likely to fall... men or women

Answer 28

women

Question 29

Who is more likely to suffer more from a fall

Answer 29

Men

Question 30

What is the % of fractures in falls Hip fractures occur in What % of falls is due to tripping

Answer 30

5% 1% of all falls 53%

Question 31

50% of elderly are hospitalised from hip fractures die within a year

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Half of elderly who fall never regain functional walking

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What are the two types of falls

Answer 33

Predispositional Situational

Question 34

What is Predispositional falling What causes it

Answer 34

falling due to Inherent physiology or cognitive ability ``` Poor balance Declining flexibility Disease Reduced joint mobility Declining strength Slower reaction time Poor vision Difficulty walking ```

Question 35

What is situational falling What are the causes

Answer 35

Falling linked to surrounding environment ``` Alcohol Clothing Darkness Environmental obstacles Medication Rushing ```

Question 36

What are the changes in gait patterns with age

Answer 36

Decrease in velocity, step length and step height Decrease in power during push off phase Increase in double support phase time = step width More prone to making contact with flat foot Greater tendency to out toe

Question 37

Why do these changes occur

Answer 37

Decline in skeletal muscle Decline in CNS Behavioural changes = fear of falling, depression Increase in disease Decrease in physical activity

Question 38

Driving accidents increase after... Why

Answer 38

75 years old Decrease in vision, reaction time, cognitive abilities Increase in disease

Question 39

Older drives are much more

Answer 39

Passive Can ignore rights of way Miss important traffic signals Cause more damage from their accidents

Question 40

Older drivers are involved in more accidents than younger drivers

Answer 40

False

Question 41

What do older drivers have an increase in...

Answer 41

Anxiety of losing freedom of driving

Question 42

What happens when older drivers lose their ability to drive

Answer 42

More difficult to stay engaged with society Hard to maintain dignity

Question 43

What is the mobility of consequences model

Answer 43

Decline in physical/mental abilities Decline in skill = reduced driving Mobility reduced Reduced activities

Question 44

Reaction time increases with age

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Reaction time is..

Answer 45

The status of the CNS for cognitive function Def = The interval from stimulus until beginning of response

Question 46

Movement time is... Examples

Answer 46

Def = The interval from the initiation of the movement until its termination Short and simple - press a button Sophisticated - running Declines systematically in adults

Question 47

The amount of decline in movement time is related to...

Answer 47

The complexity of the task

Question 48

What are the reasons for decline in movement time in adulthood

Answer 48

Decrease number of functional neurons and muscle fibers More intense neural stimulation required to make response Older people sacrifice speed for accuracy Older people train less in near maximal explosive effort