Unit 15, The Head (Final exam)

Question 1

What part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossification?

Answer 1

Chondrocranium

Question 2

Which skull bones are ossified by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

Answer 2

1) Mandible
2) Sphenoid
3) Temporal
4) Occipital

Question 3

Which bone of the appendicular skeleton is formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

Answer 3

Clavicle

Question 4

What are the four subclassifications of synarthrosis joints based on Latin groupings?

Answer 4

1) Suture
2) Gomphosis
3) Schindylesis
4) Syndesmosis

Question 5

What are the characteristics of sutura vera (true sutures)

Answer 5

Sutures demonstrating interlocking of the adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by intramembranous ossification.

Question 6

What are the characteristics of sutura notha (false sutures)?

Answer 6

Sutures lacking interlocking of adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by endochondral ossification.

Question 7

What is the classification of a joint with a “fissure-like” condition?

Answer 7

Schindylesis

Question 8

What is the classification of a joint with a “nail-like” condition?

Answer 8

Gomphosis

Question 9

What is the name given to the indention of bone between the nasal and frontal bones?

Answer 9

Nasion

Question 10

What is the name given to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?

Answer 10

Piriform aperture

Question 11

What is the name given to the aveolar jugum of the canine tooth in the maxilla?

Answer 11

Canine eminence

Question 12

What forms a bullet-like chin?

Answer 12

Large mental protuberance

Question 13

What forms an indented chin?

Answer 13

Well developed bilateral mental tubercles and a slight mental protuberance

Question 14

What is the tip of the external occipital protuberance called?

Answer 14

The INION

Question 15

What is the appearance of suture intersections just above the zygomatic arch called?

Answer 15

The Pterion

Question 16

What is the appearance of suture intersections just above the mastoid process called?

Answer 16

The Asterion

Question 17

What points on the skull are used to measure the skull size?

Answer 17

1) Nasion
2) Vertex
3) Inion
4) Gnathion

Question 18

What points on the skull are used to measure cranial vault capacity?

Answer 18

1) Nasion
2) Vertex
3) Inion

Question 19

What is the appearance of the suture intersections over the hard palate called?

Answer 19

Cruciate or Cruciform suture

Question 20

What is the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 20

Line drawn along the lesser wing of the sphenoid,

Anterior clinoid processes, and sphenoidal jugum.

Question 21

An emissary vein leaves the anterior cranial fossa via what opening?

Answer 21

Foramen Cecum

Question 22

What is the posterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 22

Superior border of petrous part of temporal bone,

Posterior clinoid processes and dorsum sella of sphenoid bone

Question 23

What passes through the cribriform plate?

Answer 23

Fila Olfactoria of cranial nerve 1, Olfactory nerve

Question 24

What bony feature is prominent in the median plane of the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 24

Sella turcica

Question 25

Which cranial nerves exit the skull via middle cranial fossa ostia?

Answer 25

Cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI

Question 26

What are the contents of the optic canal?

Answer 26

Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

Question 27

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 27

1) Ophthalmic veins 2) Oculomotor nerve 3) Trochlear nerve 4) Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve 4) Abducent nerve

Question 28

Which single opening will allow the exit of the greatest number of cranial nerves?

Answer 28

Superior orbital fissure

Question 29

What is unique about the ophthalmic artery and veins?

Answer 29

They do not share the same opening. Ophthalmic artery----optic canal Ophthalmic vein---- superior orbital fissure

Question 30

What are the contents of the foramen ovale?

Answer 30

1) Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (Vc) | 2) Lesser petrosal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Question 31

What are the contents of the foramen spinosum?

Answer 31

1) Nervus spinosus from the mandiblular division of the trigeminal nerve. 2) Middle meningeal artery

Question 32

What forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 32

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 33

What part of the central nerve system occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 33

1) Cerebellum 2) Pons 3) Medulla Oblongata

Question 34

What bony feature is prominent in the median plane of the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 34

Clivus or basilar part of the occipital bone

Question 35

Which cranial nerves exit posterior cranial fossa ostia?

Answer 35

``` VII (facial) VIII (vestibulocochlear/auditory) IX (glossopharyngeal) X (vagus) XI (spinal accessory) XII (Hypoglossal) ```

Question 36

What are the contents of the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 36

VII (facial) VIII (Vestibulocochlear/auditory nerve) Nervus intermedius/ nerve of wrisberg/sensory root of VII and the motor root of VII, Vestibular and cochlear roots of VIII and the internal/ auditory/internal labyrinthine artery and vein.

Question 37

What are the contents of the jugular foramen?

Answer 37

1) Jugular bulb 2) Inferior petrosal sinus 3) Tympanic body/tympanic glomus or jugular body/glomus 4) IX (glossopharyngeal) 5) X (vagus) 6) XI (spinal accessory)

Question 38

What can the five layers of the scalp spell?

Answer 38

``` Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Periosteum ```

Question 39

What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?

Answer 39

Internal carotid A. | External carotid A.

Question 40

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?

Answer 40

All 3. 1) Ophthalmic 2) Maxillary 3) Mandibular

Question 41

What is the third layer of the scalp associated with?

Answer 41

Muscular component of the scalp

Question 42

What muscle(s) are specifically associated with the scalp?

Answer 42

1) Frontalis belly epicranius | 2) Occipitalis belly epicranius

Question 43

The bellies of the epicranius muscle are connected by what structure?

Answer 43

Galea aponeurotica

Question 44

What specific nerves provide motor control to the scalp muscle?

Answer 44

Facial nerve: Posterior auricular and temporal branches

Question 45

What is unusual/unique about the muscles of the face?

Answer 45

They do not act as lever muscle. | They do not attach bone to bone.

Question 46

Which muscles lack any attachment to bone?

Answer 46

Orbicularis Oris Procerus Risorius

Question 47

What type of motor fibers to skeletal muscle are given off by the facial nerve?

Answer 47

Branchial efferent (BE)