Unit 4 Basic Osteology of Vertebral Column, Sternum and Ribs Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
What osseous modification is observed to the front of the anterior arch of C1?
A
Anterior Tubercle
2
Q
What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?
A
Fovea Dentis
3
Q
What attaches behind the anterior arch of C1?
A
Lateral Mass
4
Q
What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?
A
Tubercle of the transverse atlantal ligament
5
Q
What is identified in the midline at the back of the posterior arch of C1?
A
Posterior Tubercle of the posterior arch
6
Q
What superior surface modification of the posterior arch of C1 present near the lateral mass?
A
Groove/Sulcus for the vertebral artery
7
Q
What superior surface modification is present near the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?
A
Arcuate rim
8
Q
What attaches to the arcuate rim of the posterior arch of atlas and to the superior articular process of the lateral mass of atlas?
A
Complete Ponticulus Posticus
9
Q
Based on the amount of bony union between the superior articular process and the arcuate rim of C1 what structure will form?
A
incomplete Ponticulus Posticus
or
Complete PP
10
Q
What names are given to the opening formed by the Ponticulus Posticus?
A
Arcuate Foramen
or
Retroarticular Canal
11
Q
What is observed on the undersurface of the posterior arch of C1?
A
Inferior vertebral Notch
12
Q
What is the name given to the anterior part of the transverse process of C1?
A
Costal element
13
Q
What is the name given to the posterior part of the transverse process of C1?
A
True Transverse process
14
Q
What is the distal most part of the transverse process of C1?
A
Posterior Tubercle of the transverse process
15
Q
What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?
A
Dens/Odontoid process
16
Q
What feature is identified on the anterior surface of the odontoid process of C2?
A
Facet for Fovea Dentis
17
Q
What feature is identified on the posterior surface of the odontoid process of C2?
A
Groove for the transverse atlantal ligament
18
Q
What feature is identified on the superolateral margins of the odontoid process of C2?
A
Attachment sites for alar ligaments
19
Q
What feature is identified on the tip of the odontoid process of C2?
A
Attachment site for the apical-dental ligament.
20
Q
What feature is identified on the anterior surface of the vertebral body of C2
A
Anterior Lip
21
Q
What feature is identified on the posterior surface of the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?
A
Posterior Lip
22
Q
What features are present at the lateral margins of the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?
A
Right at Left lateral grooves
23
Q
What features arise from the posterolateral margins of the vertebral body of C2?
A
Pedicles
24
Q
What lies on the upper surface of the pedicle of C2?
A
Superior Articular process
25
What is the location of the superior vertebral incisure/notch of C2?
On the lamina-pedicle junction
26
What feature is identified on the lower surface of the pedicle of C2?
Inferior vertebral notch/Incisure
27
What is the location of the inferior articular process of C2?
On the lamina-pedicle junction behind the inferior vertebral notch.
28
What osseous parts of the typical cervical transverse process are present on C2? Give location for each as well.
Costal element-----Anterior
Posterior tubercle---- Most Distal
True transverse process----Posterior
29
What is the characteristic appearance of the C2 spinous process in humans?
Bifid
30
What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
Anterior Groove
Posterior Groove
Right and Left Uncinate process
31
What are the names of the lateral modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical? give all names.
```
Uncinate process
Unciform process
uncovertebral process
uncus
lateral lip
```
32
What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
Anterior lips
Posterior lips
Lateral grooves
33
What attaches to the posterolateral margin and in the center of a typical cervical vertebral body?
Pedicle
34
What bony feature is attached to the posterior end of the pedicle?
Articular Pillar
35
What is located at the top and bottom of the articular pillar?
Superior articular process
| Inferior articular process
36
What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?
Groove/Sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve.
37
What bone feature is attached to the posterior part of the articular pillar?
Lamina
38
What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical?
Ligamentum Flavum
39
Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?
Para-articular process
40
What parts of the typical cervical vertebra is the transverse process attached to?
Vertebral Body
| Articular Pillar
41
List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body.
```
Costal element
Anterior tubercle
Costotransverse bar
Posterior Tubercle
True Transvers process
```
42
What bony feature connects the anterior and posterior tubercles of a typical cervical transverse process?
Costotransverse bar
or
intertubercular lamina
43
What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?
Sulcus for the Ventral Primary Ramus of a cervical spinal nerve.
44
What is the name given to the modifications of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?
Carotid Tubercle
45
What is the main difference between a Caucasian and African-Americans cervical spinous processes?
Caucasian---Bifid
| African-Americans--- non-bifid
46
What surfaces are present on the superior epiphyseal rim of the vertebral body of C7?
Anterior groove
Posterior groove
Uncinate process
47
What is the appearance of the inferior surface of the vertebral body of C7?
Typically Flat
| lacking Anterior and Posterior lips
48
What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C7?
```
Costal Element
Anterior tubercle
Costotransverse bar
Posterior tubercle
True transverse process
```
49
What are the features of the spinous process of C7?
Long
Horizontal
Non-Bifid
50
What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?
Vertebral Body
Transverse process
Articular process
Spinous process
51
On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T2-T4 groups?
Vertebral body will have bilaterally convex sides.
52
On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T5-T8 group?
The left side of the vertebral body will be flattened, the right side convex.
53
What is the name given to the left side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8?
Aortic impression
54
What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?
The left side Superior and Inferior epiphyseal rims
55
What is present at the tip of the transverse process of a typical thoracic?
Transverse Tubercle
56
What is the distance between the transverse tubercles in the typical thoracic region?
From T2 each Transverse diameter becomes shorter as the transverse processes angle more posterior.
57
What is present on the transverse tubercle of a typical thoracic?
Transverse costal Facet
58
How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes compare in the T2-T4 region?
Superior articular process transverse diameter is greater than the Inferior articular process transverse diameter for a given segment.
59
How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes compare in the T5-T8 region?
Superior articular process transverse diameter is the same as or equal to the Inferior articular process transverse diameter for a given segment.
60
What name is given to the region between the superior and inferior articular processes in the typical thoracics?
Pars Interarticularis
61
What part of a vertebra arises laterally from the pars Interarticularis?
Transverse Process
62
What part of a vertebra arises medially form the pars Interarticularis?
Lamina
63
What is the orientation of the spinous process of a typical thoracic?
Slant backward and downward
64
What is the angulation of the spinous process of T2-T4?
Undersurface of T2-T4 spinous processes will angle up to forty degrees from the horizontal plane
65
What is the angulation of the spinous process of T5-T8?
Undersurface of T5-T8 spinous processes will angle up to sixty degrees from the horizontal plane
66
What is the outline of the vertebral body of T1 from superior view?
somewhat rectangular with curved anterior margins
67
What is the appearance of the superior surface of the vertebral body of T1?
somewhat cup-shaped with elevations at the posterior and lateral margin.
68
What surfaces are present on the upper and lower margins of the T1 vertebral body?
Right/Left superior Costal Facet
| Right/Left Inferior Costal Demi-Facet
69
What is the direction of the transverse process at T1?
Transverse process projects nearly straight out laterally.
70
What is present on the transverse tubercle of T1?
Transverse costal facet
71
What is the angulation of the spinous process of T1?
Undersurface of the T1 spinous processes will be nearly horizontal.
72
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T9?
Right/Left superior costal demi-facet
| Right/Left Inferior costal demi-facet
73
Which synovial joint surfaces may be absent from the vertebral body T9?
Inferior costal demi-facet
74
What is present on the transverse tubercle of T9?
Transverse costal facet
75
What is the orientation of the spinous process of T9?
Posterior and slightly inferior.
| Shortens and becomes more Horizontal.
76
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T10?
Right/Left superior Costal facet
77
Which synovial joint surface is absent form the vertebral body of T10?
Inferior costal demi-facets
78
What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the vertebral body at T10?
Pedicle arises form the upper third of the vertebral body.
| Projects posterior and slightly lateral.
79
What part of the transverse process may be absent on T10?
Transverse costal facet
80
What is the orientation of the spinous process of T10?
Posterior and slightly inferior.
| It will shorten and become more horizontal.
81
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body T11?
Right/Left Superior Costal Facet
82
Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body T11?
Inferior costal demi-facets
83
What part of the transverse process is absent on T11?
Transverse costal facet
84
What is the orientation of the spinous process of T11?
Posterior and horizontal along the undersurface.
85
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T12?
Right/Left superior Costal Facet.
86
Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body of T12?
Inferior costal demi-facets.
87
Which tubercle on T12 represents the transverse process?
Lateral Tubercle
88
Which tubercle on T12 represents the mammillary process of the lumbars?
Superior Tubercle
89
Which tubercle on T12 represents the accessory process of the lumbars?
Inferior Tubercle
90
Which is the smallest of the tubercles at the transverse process region of T12?
Inferior tubercle
91
What joint surface of the typical thoracic transverse process is absent on T12?
Transverse Costal facet
92
What is the curvature of the superior articular facets of a T12?
Slightly conCAVE
93
What is the curvature of the inferior articular facets of T12?
Significantly ConVEX
94
What is the orientation of the spinous process of T12?
Posterior and Horizontal
95
What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?
Accessory Process
96
What is the name of the lamina-pedicle junction of typical lumbar vertebrae?
Pars Interarticularis
97
What is the characteristic of the L1-L4 articular processes?
The transverse diameter (width between/distance between) superior articular processes of an L1-L4 segment will be GREATER than the transverse diameter (Width between/distance between) the inferior articular processes of the same segment.
98
What is the name given to the projection on the lumbar superior articular process?
Mammillary process
99
What characteristic of the L1-L4 pedicle may be used to differentiate it from the L5 segment?
Cranial view, the lateral surface of the pedicle is apparent on L1-L4 segment.
At L5 the transverse process originates from the vertebral body, pedicle and lamina-pedicle region.
100
What is the generic direction and length of the fifth lumbar transverse process?
Directed straight lateral and is the shortest of all lumbar transverse processes.
101
What is the typical number of segments that unite to form the adult sacrum?
5 segments
102
What forms the median sacral crest?
Fused spinous processes and their spinous tubercles.
103
What forms the intermediate crest?
Fused articular processes and their facets.
104
What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?
Mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5.
105
What does the sacral cornu represent?
Inferior articular process and facet of S5.
106
What is the name of the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal?
Sacral Hiatus
107
What forms the lateral sacral crest?
Fused transverse processes and transverse tubercles from S1 to S5.
108
What is the sacral tuberosity?
Enlarged tubercle of S2
109
What feature is associated with the transvers tubercle of S5?
inferior and Lateral (inferolateral) Sacral Angle
110
From the anterior view, the intervertebral discs of sacrum will be replaced by what feature?
Transverse Ridges
111
What feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?
Auricular surface
112
What feature does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1 form?
Sacral Promontory
113
What is a sacral promontory?
Bulging anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1.
114
What is the name given to the region of bone extending laterally from the S1 vertebral body looking form the base view?
Sacral Ala
115
What forms the sacral ala?
costal element and true transverse process
116
What is the typical number of segments that unite to form the adult coccyx?
4 Segments
117
What bony features are present on the coccyx?
All segments are represented by a "vertebral body"; in addition, Co1 has a coccygeal cornu and transverse process.
118
What is the homolog of the superior articular process and facet on Co1?
Coccygeal Cornu
119
What feature is present at the top of the manubrium sterni?
Jugular Notch (suprasternal notch)
120
What is the name given to the articular site at the superolateral margin of the manubrium sterni?
Clavicular notch
121
What names are given to the articular sites for the joint with the first and second rib?
Costal notch I for the first rib costal cartilages;
Costal notch II for the second rib costal cartilage
122
How many sternabrae for the corpus sterni?
4 sternabrae
123
What surface feature on the corpus sterni identifies the location of the old synchondrosis?
Transverse lines
124
What articular sites for the costal cartilage of ribs will be identified on the corpus sterni?
Costal notches II-IV
125
What are the primary parts of the vertebral end of a typical rib?
Head
Neck
Tubercle
126
What features may be identified on the head of a typical rib?
Two articular surfaces
| Interarticular crest
127
Name the two articular surfaces on the head and the feature that separates it.
Superior articular surface/facet
Inferior articular surface/facet
Interarticular Crest
128
What features may be identified on the tubercle of a typical rib?
Articular surface of the tubercle
| Non-articular surface of the tubercle
129
Which feature of the tubercle of a typical rib is closet to the head of the rib?
Articular surface of the tubercle
130
What features may be identified on the body?
Costal angle
| Costal Groove
131
What is present on the head of the first rib?
single articular surface
132
Is there a crest on the neck of the first rib?
not a well-developed one like on the typical rib.
133
Which groove on the body (corpus/shaft? of the first rib is close to the vertebral end?
The groove for the subclavian artery and the first thoracic nerve
134
Which groove on the body (corpus/shaft) of the first rib is close to the sternal end?
The groove for the subclavian vein.
135
Is either the costal angle or costal groove apparent on the first rib?
Neither the costal angle nor the costal groove are apparent on the first rib.
136
What features may be identified on the head of rib 2?
Two articular surfaces and the Interarticular crest.
137
What feature may be identified on the neck of rib 2?
The crest of the rib
138
What features may be identified on the body (corpus/shaft) of rib 2?
Tuberosity for the serratus anterior
Costal angle
Costal groove
139
What distinguishes the vertebral end of rib 11 from typical ribs?
Single articular surface, absence of a well-developed crest on the neck and the tubercle may be absent or if present, consist only of a non-articular surface
140
What features may be present on the body (corpus/shaft) of rib 11?
Costal angle and Costal groove are underdeveloped.
141
What helps to distinguish the vertebral end of the twelfth rib from other ribs?
Head has a single articular surface.
Crest of neck is poorly developed
Tubercle is absent
142
What is the condition of the body (corpus/shaft) of rib 12?
Costal angle and Costal groove are absent and it is the shortest of all ribs
