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Spinal TRI 2 > Unit 5 Introduction to Basic Arthrology > Flashcards

Unit 5 Introduction to Basic Arthrology Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What term is used to identify the study of joints?

A

Arthrology

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2
Q

What term is used to identify the study of ligaments?

A

Syndesmology

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3
Q

What are the three histological classifications of joints based on movement potential?

A

1) Fibrous
2) Cartilaginous
3) Synovial Fluid

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4
Q

What were the three Latin classifications of joints based on movement potential?

A

1) Synarthrosis
2) Diarthrosis
3) Amphiarthrosis

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5
Q

What is the classification of a plane or gliding synovial joint?

A

Arthrodia

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6
Q

What is the classification of a hinge type synovial joint?

A

Ginglymus

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7
Q

What is the classification of a pivot type synovial joint?

A

Trochoid

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8
Q

What is the classification of a knuckle type synovial joint?

A

Condylar or bicondylar

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9
Q

What is the classification of an oval-like synovial joint?

A

ellipsoidal

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10
Q

What is the classification of a saddle type synovial joint?

A

Sellar

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of the (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis?

A

Primary Cartilage joints
Temporary in Longevity

Composed of Hyaline cartilage and form between ossification centers w/in a cartilage template.

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12
Q

Which classification of cartilage joint is secondary, permanent, composed of fibrous cartilage (fibrocartilage) and occurs between bones formed by endochondral ossification?

A

(Amphiarthrosis) Symphysis

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13
Q

What are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?

A

Articular or fibrous capsule
Synovial membrane
articular cartilage and Synovial fluid.

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14
Q

What examples of synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial) joints occur along the vertebral column?

A

most Zygapophyses of the vertebral column.

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15
Q

What is an example of synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joints along the vertebral column?

A

median atlanto-axial ligament

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16
Q

What is the shared morphological characteristic of diarthrosis trochoid joints?

A

Osseous pivot point and an Osteo-ligamentous ring

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17
Q

What example of synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joint is identified along the spine?

A

Joint of Luschka of typical cervicals is a modified sellar joint

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18
Q

What example of the diarthrosis condylar joint is identified along the spine?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis condylar joint

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19
Q

What example of the diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint is identified along the spine?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint

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20
Q

Which synovial classifications are now often interchanged in textbooks?

A

Ellipsoidal and condylar synovial joints

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21
Q

Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

ant bear, three-toed sloth

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22
Q

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

Manatee, Two-toed sloth

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23
Q

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

Posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters.

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24
Q

What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

intervertebral disc height

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25
At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?
C5/C6
26
What are the names of the lateral modification of the superior epiphyseal rim?
Uncinate process, Unciform process, Uncovertebral process, Uncus or Lateral Lip
27
What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
Anterior Lip Posterior Lip Right and Left lateral grooves
28
What is the joint classification for the anterior lip-anterior longitudinal ligament-anterior groove articulation?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
29
What is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior longitudinal ligament-posterior groove articulation?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
30
What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?
Modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)
31
What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
32
How many total joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of atypical cervical?
Ten
33
How many total synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?
four
34
What is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?
It appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion-- extension and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine
35
What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?
Longus colli muscle
36
What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical?
Posterolateral, 45 degree
37
What is the direction of projection of the cervical lamina?
Posteromedially
38
What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical?
Ligamentum flavum
39
What joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum and its attachment?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
40
Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?
Para-articular processes
41
Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will be associated with which classification of bone?
Accessory Bone
42
Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical cervicals?
transverse
43
The greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at?
C6
44
The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?
C5/C6
45
What osseous parts form the typical cervical vertebra transverse process?
``` Costal element Anterior tubercle, Costotransverse bar Posterior tubercle True transverse process ```
46
What muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?
anterior scalene, Longus capitis, Longus Colli, Anterior intertransversarii
47
What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of atypical cervical vertebra?
``` Splenius cervicis Iliocostalis cervicis Longissimus cervicis Levator scapula Middle scalene Posterior scalene Rotators Posterior intertransversarii ```
48
What muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?
middle scalene | Posterior intertransversarii
49
What produces the primary tension on the transverse process that will cause remodeling in the anterolateral and inferior directions?
cervical spinal nerves as they are directed anterolaterally and inferiorly to form the cervical and brachial plexus
50
What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?
Sulcus for the Ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve.
51
What is the orientation and angulation of atypical cervical transverse process?
60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horizontal plane.
52
What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?
Carotid tubercle
53
What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?
Vertebral artery Vertebral venous plexus postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers
54
What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?
the groove for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve
55
What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?
40-45 degrees from the coronal plane
56
Recent work suggests what angulation for typical cervical articular facets?
55-60 degrees
57
What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?
BUM--- Backward, Upward, Medial
58
What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?
FoLD--- Forward, Lateral, Downward
59
What muscles will attach to typical cervical aricular processes?
``` Longissimus Capitis Longissimus Cervicis Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Multifidis and Rotator Longus ```
60
What muscles blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophysis?
Semispinalis Capitis Multifidis Rotator Longus
61
What modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?
Meniscoidal Folds
62
The greatest range of flexion - extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?
C5/C6
63
What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?
Lateral bend | Axial rotation
64
Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebral couple?
C2/C3, C3/C4, C4/C5 vertebral couples
65
Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?
C5/C6
66
What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process?
They are Bifid
67
What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process?
They are Non-bifid
68
What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?
``` Spinalis Cervicis Semispinalis Cervicis Semispinalis Thoracis Multifidis Rotator Interspinalis ```
69
What ligaments will attach to the typical cervical spinous process?
Interspinous ligament | Ligamentum Nuchae

Spinal TRI 2 (13 decks)

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