Unit 2

Question 1

Reinforcer assessment evaluates: _____

Answer 1

Effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer

Question 2

Single operant reinforcer assessment: _____

Answer 2

Reinforcement is provided for a single response

Question 3

Absolute reinforcer value is the ability of: _____

Answer 3

A single stimulus to reinforce responding

Question 4

Concurrent operant reinforcer assessment: _____

Answer 4

Different reinforcers are simultaneously available for different responses

Question 5

Relative reinforcer value is the ability of 1 stimulus to: _____

Answer 5

Function as a more powerful reinforcer than another

Question 6

Progressive-ratio reinforcer assessment: _____

Answer 6

Finds break point as response requirement increases

Question 7

Break point is evaluated in: _____

Answer 7

Progressive-ratio schedules

Question 8

Break point: _____

Answer 8

Last ratio value where responding occurred

Question 9

Stable preferences: _____

Answer 9

Remain the same over time

Question 10

Reinforcement as a procedure: _____

Answer 10

Contingency arranged to influence learning

Question 11

Reinforcement as a process: _____

Answer 11

Effect of consequence to strengthen behavior

Question 12

Types of reinforcer assessments (3): _____

Answer 12

(1) Single operant
(2) Concurrent operant
(3) Progressive-ratio

Question 13

Single operant reinforcer assessment assesses: _____

Answer 13

Absolute reinforcer value

Question 14

Concurrent operant reinforcer assessment assesses: _____

Answer 14

Relative reinforcer value

Question 15

Progressive-ratio reinforcer assessment assesses: _____

Answer 15

Capacity for thinning schedule of reinforcement

Question 16

Considerations when selecting stimuli for PAs (5):

Answer 16

1. Social validity
2. Context
3. Cost
4. Health and secondary effects
5. Program goals

Question 17

Prioritizing types of reinforcers:

Answer 17

1. Social items
2. Leisure items with tokens
3. Edibles with tokens
4. Distributed edibles

Question 18

Variables that impact reinforcer effectiveness (5):

Answer 18

1. Parameters of reinforcement
2. Satiation and deprivation
3. Stimulus variation and choice
4. History of contingencies
5. Way reinforcement is delivered

Question 19

Unwanted effects of reinforcement (5):

Answer 19

1. “Unnatural” contingencies
2. Undesirable response patterns
3. Narrowing effect on behavior
4. Shadowing the SD
5. Strengthening undesired behavior

Question 20

Solution for a narrowing effect on behavior

Answer 20

Use a reinforcement schedule that promotes variation

Question 21

Solution for undesirable response patterns

Answer 21

Careful selection of schedules of reinforcement

Question 22

Solution for “unnatural” contingencies

Answer 22

Program natural reinforcement contingencies

Question 23

Solution for shadowing the SD

Answer 23

Program “natural” antecedents or systematic transfer of discriminative control

Question 24

Solution for strengthening undesired behavior

Answer 24

Pay attention to the type of response occurring when a reinforcer is delivered

Question 25

Undesirable response patterns

Answer 25

The schedule of reinforcement used might influence undesirable rates (too high or too low) or inconsistent responding

Question 26

Shadowing the SD

Answer 26

Learner might only attend to the discriminative stimulus established during training and not to “natural” antecedents that should control the behavior

Question 27

"Unnatural” contingencies

Answer 27

Consequences that are different from the consequences that will be experienced in the “natural” environment and may therefore create a dependency on “contrived” reinforcers

Question 28

Strengthening undesired behavior

Answer 28

Unwanted effect of reinforcement is related to the type of response immediately followed by a reinforcer is the type of response more likely to occur, meaning the wrong type of response could be selected

Question 29

Narrowing effect on behavior

Answer 29

Unwanted effect of reinforcement related to only a specific type of responding is followed by a reinforcer, only that type of responding is more likely to occur

Question 30

Concurrent Operant Reinforcer | Assessment Procedure

Answer 30

1. Select two (or more) identical tasks 2. Arrange a concurrent schedule - Completion of Task 1 = Stimulus A - Completion of Task 2 = Stimulus B 3. Include baseline phase or control condition - No programmed consequences 4. Analyze differences in responding between conditions

Question 31

Single Operant Reinforcer | Assessment Procedure

Answer 31

1. Identify single response and consequence 2. Control: No programmed consequence for response 3. R-S contingency: Provide stimulus contingent on response (typically FR 1) 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 using reversal or multielement design 5. Analyze differences in responding between baseline and reinforcement conditions

Question 32

When to Use a Concurrent Operant | Reinforcer Assessment

Answer 32

1. Multiple sources of reinforcement 2. Identify more valuable reinforcers to use for more difficult tasks 3. Avoid satiation 4. To assess value of different magnitudes of a reinforcer

Question 33

When to Use a Single Operant | Reinforcer Assessment

Answer 33

- To validate results of preference assessments - To identify a large array of reinforcers

Question 34

Limitations of Concurrent Operant | Reinforcer Assessment

Answer 34

- May mask reinforcer effects for lower preference stimuli, resulting in false negatives - Does not assess reinforcer effectiveness when response requirements increase

Question 35

Limitations of Single Operant | Reinforcer Assessment

Answer 35

- Not likely to identify “potency” relative to others - Not likely to identify if there are competing contingencies - Not likely to identify if response effort increases

Question 36

Progressive-Ratio Reinforcer | Assessment Procedure

Answer 36

``` 1. Identify a response and a consequence 2. Arrange a progressive-ratio schedule 3. Provide reinforcement based on ratio requirement until participant ceases to respond for a predetermined amount of time (break point) ```

Question 37

Limitations of Progressive-Ratio | Reinforcer Assessments

Answer 37

- More labor-intensive - Practical limits on how much to continue increasing the response requirements

Question 38

When to Use Progressive-Ratio | Reinforcer Assessment

Answer 38

1. Response requirements will increase (Thinning schedules) 2. To determine effective parameters of reinforcement when increasing response effort 3. To identify reinforcers that compete with problem behavior when teaching alternative or incompatible behavior

Question 39

Short-Term Targets (What & When to Reassess)

Answer 39

- Frequent, moderate effort response requirements with many opportunities to contact reinforcers - Assess more frequently

Question 40

Long-Term Targets (What & When to Reassess)

Answer 40

``` - High effort, prolonged intervention with fewer opportunities to contact ultimate reinforcers - Use a more thorough initial assessment ```

Question 41

Use the most efficient (brief MSWO) if....

Answer 41

There is a need for several effective | reinforcers

Question 42

Use a more thorough | assessment (paired-stimulus) when...

Answer 42

Requiring prolonged effort for a | single reinforcer

Question 43

Four Parameters of Reinforcement

Answer 43

1. Quality 2. Delay 3. Magnitude 4. Rate

Question 44

Reinforcement During Acquisition

Answer 44

``` - Powerful, immediate consequences are ideal -- High quality -- Short delay -- Longer duration ``` - Consequence contacted EVERY TIME!

Question 45

Reinforcement During | Generalization

Answer 45

- Could be: - - Longer delay - - Different type (quality) - - Shorter duration - Intermittent schedules