Unit 2

Question 1

All cells contain what?

Answer 1

Plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes

Question 2

What are prokaryotes?

Answer 2

Bacteria and archaea

Question 3

What are eukaryotes?

Answer 3

Animals and plants

Question 4

What do eukaryotes have that prokaryotes don’t?

Answer 4

Nucleus and organelles

Question 5

What do animal cells have that plants don’t?

Answer 5

lysosomes, centrosomes, and flagella

Question 6

What do plants cells have that animal cells don’t?

Answer 6

Chloroplasts, central vacuoles, cell walls

Question 7

What makes up a ribosome?

Answer 7

rRNA + protein

Question 8

What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?

Answer 8

Synthesizes membranes and compartmentalizes cell

Question 9

What does the smooth ER do?

Answer 9

Synthesizes lipids, detoxifies the cell, metabolizes carbs

Question 10

What does the cis face of the golgi complex do?

Answer 10

Receives vesicles

Question 11

What does the golgi complex do?

Answer 11

Sorts, modifies, and packages materials

Question 12

What does the trans face of the golgi complex do?

Answer 12

Sends materials

Question 13

What do lysosomes do?

Answer 13

Hydrolyze animal cells and use autophagy

Question 14

What are the steps of autophagy?

Answer 14

1) membrane forms around material
2) membrane engulfs material, making an autophagosome
3) autophagosome fuses with lysosome
4) lysosome digests and recycles material

Question 15

What do peroxisomes do?

Answer 15

Produce H2O2

Question 16

What aids plants with turgor pressure?

Answer 16

Central vacuoles

Question 17

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 17

Euk. engulfed prok. and prok. became and endosymbiont. They become one functional organism.

Question 18

What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 18

Double membrane, ribosomes, circular DNA, auto-functioning

Question 19

What takes place in the mitochondria?

Answer 19

Cellular respiration

Question 20

What provides the mitochondria with more space?

Answer 20

It’s double membraned, and has cristae that expand its surface area

Question 21

What takes place in the mitochondrial matrix?

Answer 21

Krebs cycle

Question 22

High metabolism = ________ mitochondria

Answer 22

More

Question 23

What takes place in the chloroplast?

Answer 23

Photosynthesis

Question 24

What does the chloroplast’s double membrane hold?

Answer 24

Thylakoid and stroma

Question 25

Higher surface area to volume ratio in a cell means?

Answer 25

Optimize functions of cell because of more space

Question 26

Small cells have a ______ SA:V ration

Answer 26

Larger

Question 27

Large cells have a _______ SA:V ratio

Answer 27

Smaller

Question 28

Molecules movement in diffusion?

Answer 28

From high to low concentration (down concentration gradient) directly across membrane

Question 29

Which part of the bilayer is hydrophilic?

Answer 29

Lipid heads

Question 30

Which part of the bilayer is hydrophobic?

Answer 30

Lipid tails

Question 31

What is passive transport?

Answer 31

Transport that doesn't require energy because solute is moving with gradient

Question 32

What are the types of passive transport

Answer 32

- Diffusion - Osmosis - Facilitated diffusion

Question 33

What is osmosis?

Answer 33

Diffusion of water from low to high concentration

Question 34

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 34

Diffusion across a membrane using transport proteins

Question 35

Two transport proteins?

Answer 35

Carrier and channel proteins

Question 36

Facilitated diffusion increases diffusion rate for?

Answer 36

Small ions, water, and carbs

Question 37

What are aquaporins?

Answer 37

Specific channel proteins for water

Question 38

What is active transport?

Answer 38

Transportation of a molecule using energy to move it against the concentration gradient

Question 39

what is the sodium potassium pump?

Answer 39

Type of active transport used in animal cells that pump 2K in and 3Na out

Question 40

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 40

Concentration of solute is greater outside of the cell, so the water leaves too

Question 41

What is the result of a cell being in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 41

It shrivels and dies

Question 42

What is plasmolysis?

Answer 42

Plant cell vacuole shrinks and membrane pulls away from cell wall

Question 43

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 43

There is more solute inside the cell, so water will enter the cell

Question 44

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 44

- Animal cells swell - Plant cells work fine, maintaining turgor pressue

Question 45

Water flows from…

Answer 45

- High water potential to low - High pressure to low - Low solute to high