Unit 3

Question 1

What are metabolic pathways?

Answer 1

Reactions that build or break down molecules

Question 2

What are catabolic pathways?

Answer 2

Pathways that release energy

Question 3

What are anabolic pathways?

Answer 3

Pathways that consume energy

Question 4

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 4

Energy associated with motion

Question 5

What is thermal energy?

Answer 5

Energy associated with atom motion

Question 6

What is potential energy?

Answer 6

Stored energy

Question 7

What are exergonic reactions?

Answer 7

Reactions that release energy (cellular respiration)

Question 8

What are endergonic reactions?

Answer 8

Reactions that absorb energy (photosynthesis)

Question 9

What does an enzyme work with?

Answer 9

Substrate

Question 10

Where do substrates bind?

Answer 10

Active site

Question 11

What happens to an enzyme outside of its optimal pH?

Answer 11

Broken hydrogen bonds and shape change

Question 12

What are cofactors?

Answer 12

Non-protein molecules that assist enzymes

Question 13

What are coenzymes?

Answer 13

Organic cofactors

Question 14

Enzyme inhibitor that binds with covalent bonds?

Answer 14

Permanent inhibitor

Question 15

Enzyme inhibitor that reduce activity by blocking substrates from active sites?

Answer 15

Competitive inhibitor

Question 16

Can competitive inhibitors be reversed?

Answer 16

Yes (with increased substrate concentration)

Question 17

Inhibitor that binds to allosteric site and changes active site shape, preventing substrates from binding?

Answer 17

Noncompetitive inhibitor

Question 18

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 18

Conversion of light energy to chemical energy

Question 19

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 19

Chloroplasts inside plant leaves

Question 20

What is the formula of photosynthesis?

Answer 20

6CO2 + H2O + light energy —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 21

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Answer 21

6CO2 + H2O

Question 22

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 22

C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2

Question 23

Loss of e-

Answer 23

Oxidation

Question 24

Gain of e-

Answer 24

Reduction

Question 25

What are the stages of photosynthesis?

Answer 25

Light-dependent and light-independent

Question 26

Short wavelength equals...

Answer 26

Higher energy

Question 27

Long wavelength equals...

Answer 27

Lower energy

Question 28

Where do light reactions occur?

Answer 28

Thylakoid

Question 29

What occurs in the light reaction?

Answer 29

Solar energy is converted to chemical energy

Question 30

What chemical energy results from the light reaction?

Answer 30

NADPH and ATP

Question 31

What are photons?

Answer 31

Light energy

Question 32

What is the process of a light reaction?

Answer 32

- Sunlight splits water and releases H2O - NADP+ is reduced to NADPH

Question 33

H2O, ADP, and NADP+

Answer 33

Light reaction inputs

Question 34

O2, ATP, and NADPH

Answer 34

Light reaction outputs

Question 35

3 CO3, 9 ATP, and 6 NADPH

Answer 35

Calvin cycle inputs

Question 36

1 G3P, 9 ADP, 6 NADP+

Answer 36

Calvin cycle outputs

Question 37

What occurs in cellular respiration?

Answer 37

Chemical energy is turned into energy

Question 38

What is an electron transport chain?

Answer 38

Protein that shuttles electrons down redox. reactions

Question 39

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 39

1. Glycolysis 2. Pyruvate oxidation + Citric acid cycle 3. Oxidative phosphorylation (ETC + chemiosmosis)

Question 40

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 40

Cytosol

Question 41

What happens in glycolysis?

Answer 41

Glucose is split into two pyruvates

Question 42

What happens during pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 42

Pyruvate is turned into acetyl coA

Question 43

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

Answer 43

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 44

What happens during the Krebs cycle?

Answer 44

Acetyl coA is turned into citrate

Question 45

What are the outputs of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 45

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 4 CO2, 2 FADH2

Question 46

Anaerobic respiration uses _____ to produces ATP without oxygen?

Answer 46

ETC

Question 47

What is fermentation?

Answer 47

Generation of ATP without ETC

Question 48

What is alcohol fermentation?

Answer 48

Pyruvate is turned into ethanol

Question 49

What is lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 49

Pyruvate reduced by NADH to form lactate

Question 50

What happens when lactate is in the blood?

Answer 50

It lowers the pH, and build up can cause lactic acidosis