Unit 5 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What cell goes through meiosis?
Gametes
What are autosomes?
Chromosomes that don’t determine sex (humans have 22 pairs)
22 + X?
Human eggs
22 + X OR 22 + Y?
Human sperm
What is fertilization?
When eggs and sperm (two haploids) form a zygote (diploid)
Meiosis results in ___ daughter cells
4 unique haploid daughter cells
Mitosis results in ___ daughter cells
2 identical diploid daughter cells
What happens in prophase I?
Tetrads cross over and make unique chromatids
What are tetrads?
Pair of homologous chromosomes
What is independent assortment?
Chromosomes are randomly aligned at the pole in metaphase I
What is random fertilization?
Any sperm can fertilize any egg
What do uppercase letters show in punnetts?
Dominant traits
What do lowercase letters show in punnetts?
Recessive traits
What is homozygous?
Two identical alleles (AA / aa)
What is heterozygous?
Two different alleles (Aa)
What is the law of segregation?
Two alleles for the same trait separate during gamete tranformation
What is a monohybrid cross?
Cross between F1 hybrids (Bb x Bb)
What is a dihybrid cross?
Cross between F1 dihybrids (YyRr x YyRr)
What ratio does a dihybrid cross produce?
9:3:3:1
What is autosomal dominant?
Only on copy of the dom. alleles is needed and it appears in every generation
What is autosomal recessive?
Two copies of the recessive allele is needed and it may skip generations
What is X-linked dominant?
Trait is carried in X chromosomes and only one is needed to be expressed
What is incomplete dominance?
Neither allele is fully dominant (cross of red and white flowers make pink ones)
What is codominance?
Both alleles are expressed
