Unit 6

Question 1

Where is DNA found in eukaryotes?

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Where is DNA found in prokaryotes?

Answer 2

Nucleus region

Question 3

What happens when bacteria encounter plasmids?

Answer 3

Bacteria can express the plasmidic genes and share them with other bacteria

Question 4

What is a conservative replication model?

Answer 4

Parents completely replicate themselves

Question 5

What is a semi conservative replication model?

Answer 5

One parental strand and one new strand

Question 6

What is a dispersive replication model?

Answer 6

Random mix of parental and new DNA

Question 7

Function of helicase?

Answer 7

Unwinds DNA strands

Question 8

What do SSBPs do?

Answer 8

Keep DNA from rebinding

Question 9

Function of tropoisomerase?

Answer 9

Relaxes supercoiling to prevent DNA strain

Question 10

Function of primase?

Answer 10

Adds primers to initiate replication

Question 11

Function of DNAP III?

Answer 11

Attaches to primers (3 to 5), adding nucleotides (5 to 3)

Question 12

What is the leading strand?

Answer 12

DNAP III that follows helicase (5 to 3)

Question 13

What is the lagging strand?

Answer 13

Parental strand that moves away from helicase (3 to 5)

Question 14

What are Okazaki fragments?

Answer 14

Segments of the lagging strand

Question 15

What joins Okazaki fragments?

Answer 15

DNA ligase

Question 16

What are telomeres?

Answer 16

Short nucleotides sequences that don’t code for anything, but cap lagging strands

Question 17

What happens when there are base errors?

Answer 17

Enzymes rapair or remove them

Question 18

Function of nuclease?

Answer 18

Removes segments of damaged DNA

Question 19

Function of DNAP I?

Answer 19

Replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA ones

Question 20

DNA to RNA?

Answer 20

Transcription

Question 21

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 21

Nucleus

Question 22

RNA to Proteins?

Answer 22

Translation

Question 23

Where does translation occur?

Answer 23

Ribosomes

Question 24

What happens in translation?

Answer 24

Nucleotides become amino acids

Question 25

Function of mRNA?

Answer 25

Carries info from DNA to the ribosomes

Question 26

Function of tRNA?

Answer 26

- Carries a specific amino acid - Complementary strand to mRNA

Question 27

Function of rRNA?

Answer 27

- Forms ribosomes - Links amino acids

Question 28

What are the steps of translation?

Answer 28

Initiation, elongation, and termination

Question 29

What happens during initiation?

Answer 29

RNA polymerase attaches to primer

Question 30

What is the eukaryotic promoter region?

Answer 30

TATA box

Question 31

What happens during elongation?

Answer 31

RNA polymerase opens DNA and reads template strand, and pairs RNA nucleotides

Question 32

What happens during termination?

Answer 32

RNA polymerase detaches

Question 33

What is a 5’ gap?

Answer 33

Unfinished strand of pre-mRNA receives a modified guanine

Question 34

What is a poly-a tail?

Answer 34

3’ end of pre-mRNA receives 50-250 adenine

Question 35

Function of poly-a tail and 5’ cap?

Answer 35

- Helps RNA leave the nucleus - Help protect mRNA from degradation - Help ribosomes attach to 5’ end

Question 36

Function of RNA splicing?

Answer 36

Introns of pre-mRNA are replaced by exons

Question 37

What are introns?

Answer 37

Intervening sequence that doesn’t code for anything

Question 38

What are exons?

Answer 38

Expressed sections that code for amino acids

Question 39

What is alternative splicing?

Answer 39

A single gene coding for more than one polypeptide

Question 40

Function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?

Answer 40

Attaches amino acids to tRNA

Question 41

What is the A site?

Answer 41

Amino acid site

Question 42

What is the P site?

Answer 42

Polypeptide sites

Question 43

What is the E site?

Answer 43

Exit site

Question 44

How does info flow in viruses?

Answer 44

RNA to DNA

Question 45

What are repressible operons?

Answer 45

Transcription is usually on but can be turned off

Question 46

What are inducible operons?

Answer 46

Transcription is usually off but can be turned on

Question 47

What is missense?

Answer 47

Change that results in different amino acid

Question 48

What is nonsense?

Answer 48

Change resulting in stop codon

Question 49

What is nondisjunction?

Answer 49

When chromosomes don’t separate properly

Question 50

What is inversion?

Answer 50

Segment is reversed