Unit 2 Flashcards
(35 cards)
Classes of word
Parts of speech, or categories words fall under that are the structure of the English language.
Content Words: verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs
Function Words: prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions, interjections
Adjective
Class of Word that modify nouns.
- Morphological criterions: can end with {er}/{est}; more/most can precede it; can be added after “seem”
- Syntactical criterion: can be placed between a noun and its noun marker
Adverb
Class of Word that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc.
- Morphological criterion: can end with the suffix -{ly} but there are many adverbs that cannot be identified by this method.
- Syntactical criterion: there are many placements for an adverb
Criterion
Morphological (test to determine class of the word; usually a change in form)
Syntactical (test to determine class of the word; usually the slot where the word fits)
Head
When discussing a phrase, the head is the noun.
e.g. “skilled typist”: the head is “typist”
Intransitive verb
- Verbs that do not take on an object.
e. g. The old man next door died. After the race, we swam. We often jog in the early morning.
Modifier
When discussing a phrase, the modifier is the adjective.
e.g. “skilled typist”: the modifier is “skilled”
Modify
In the phrase “modify nouns” it is taken to mean: limit, describe, restrict.
Noun
Class of Words: events, opinions, and causes.
Morphological Criterion: able add the suffix {s}
Syntactical Criterion: Word order; preceded by a noun marker (i.e. the, a, many, that)
noun marker
Function words that precede a noun.
i.e. the, a, many, that, these
noun modifier
A noun that modifies another noun.
e.g. “race horse”, “race” is a noun modifier
object
Word that comes after the verb. e.g. The frog grabbed the fly.
past tense
A tense expressing an action that has happened or a state that previously existed.
phrase
Groups of words.
plural number
Multiple units of the noun.
present tense
A tense expressing an action that is currently going on or habitually performed, or a state that currently or generally exists.
singular number
One unit of the noun.
slot
Position in a sentence
tense
Category that expresses time reference with reference to the moment of speaking.
transitive verb
Verbs that have an object following the verb.
e.g. Anna brought a book. My neighbor collects old cars. The teacher wrote many comments on my paper.
verb
Class of Words: typically express action, state, or a relation between two things
Morphological criterions: changes in tense (e.g.walk→walked)
Syntactical criterion: usually follows one of the two following word-order patterns: subject-verb or
subject-verb-object
alchemists
Origin: Greek or Egypt
Etymology: {chem}=[plant] juice or {Khem}=[dark]
Modern: person who attempts to change base metals (e.g., lead) into precious metals (e.g., gold)
pandemonium
Origin: Greek
Etymology: “realm of all demons”
Modern: chaos, mayhem
lunatic
Origin: Latin
Etymology: “moonstruck”
Modern: person who is insane
