Unit 2 Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

Classes of word

A

Parts of speech, or categories words fall under that are the structure of the English language.

Content Words: verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs
Function Words: prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions, interjections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adjective

A

Class of Word that modify nouns.

  • Morphological criterions: can end with {er}/{est}; more/most can precede it; can be added after “seem”
  • Syntactical criterion: can be placed between a noun and its noun marker
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adverb

A

Class of Word that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc.

  • Morphological criterion: can end with the suffix -{ly} but there are many adverbs that cannot be identified by this method.
  • Syntactical criterion: there are many placements for an adverb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Criterion

A

Morphological (test to determine class of the word; usually a change in form)

Syntactical (test to determine class of the word; usually the slot where the word fits)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Head

A

When discussing a phrase, the head is the noun.

e.g. “skilled typist”: the head is “typist”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Intransitive verb

A
  • Verbs that do not take on an object.

e. g. The old man next door died. After the race, we swam. We often jog in the early morning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Modifier

A

When discussing a phrase, the modifier is the adjective.

e.g. “skilled typist”: the modifier is “skilled”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Modify

A

In the phrase “modify nouns” it is taken to mean: limit, describe, restrict.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Noun

A

Class of Words: events, opinions, and causes.

Morphological Criterion: able add the suffix {s}

Syntactical Criterion: Word order; preceded by a noun marker (i.e. the, a, many, that)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

noun marker

A

Function words that precede a noun.

i.e. the, a, many, that, these

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

noun modifier

A

A noun that modifies another noun.

e.g. “race horse”, “race” is a noun modifier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

object

A

Word that comes after the verb. e.g. The frog grabbed the fly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

past tense

A

A tense expressing an action that has happened or a state that previously existed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

phrase

A

Groups of words.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

plural number

A

Multiple units of the noun.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

present tense

A

A tense expressing an action that is currently going on or habitually performed, or a state that currently or generally exists.

17
Q

singular number

A

One unit of the noun.

18
Q

slot

A

Position in a sentence

19
Q

tense

A

Category that expresses time reference with reference to the moment of speaking.

20
Q

transitive verb

A

Verbs that have an object following the verb.

e.g. Anna brought a book. My neighbor collects old cars. The teacher wrote many comments on my paper.

21
Q

verb

A

Class of Words: typically express action, state, or a relation between two things

Morphological criterions: changes in tense (e.g.walk→walked)

Syntactical criterion: usually follows one of the two following word-order patterns: subject-verb or
subject-verb-object

22
Q

alchemists

A

Origin: Greek or Egypt

Etymology: {chem}=[plant] juice or {Khem}=[dark]

Modern: person who attempts to change base metals (e.g., lead) into precious metals (e.g., gold)

23
Q

pandemonium

A

Origin: Greek

Etymology: “realm of all demons”

Modern: chaos, mayhem

24
Q

lunatic

A

Origin: Latin

Etymology: “moonstruck”

Modern: person who is insane

25
punch
Origin: Hindi, Sanskrit Etymology: "drink with five ingredients" Modern: a drink with several ingredients
26
decimated
Origin: Latin Etymology: "punish/kill every tenth person" Modern: to totally wipe out/demolish/destroy
27
Stationary/Stationery
Stationary: standing without moving; derived from Latin. Stationery: Writing materials; derived from Latin.
28
Stationary/Stationery
Stationary: standing without moving; derived from Latin. (stare meaning stand) Stationery: Writing materials; derived from Latin. (stare meaning stand)
29
Conservatism/Conservation
Conservatism: The belief that on the whole it is best not to make changes, as opposed to progressivism. Conservation: Preservation of such things as our natural resources. Derived from L. conservare="to keep without change"
30
Rout/Route
Rout: crushing defeat; disorderly retreat. Route: way that is rough or broken. Derived from Latin: rupta: broken.
31
pro tempore
temporary or temporarily
32
ex officio
from the office
33
magnum opus
great work
34
persona non grata
not pleasing/welcoming person
35
ex cathedra
seat or chair/throne of authority