How are carboxylic acids prepared from primary alcohols?
Oxidation
How are carboxylic acids prepared from aldehydes?
Oxidation
How are carboxylic acids prepared from nitriles?
Hydrolysis
How are carboxylic acids prepared from esters or amides?
Hydrolysis
What do carboxylic acids and alcohols form?
Esters (in the presence of concentrated sulfuric or phosphoric acid).
What do carboxylic acids and amines form?
Alkylammonium salts, which form amides on heating.
What does reduction of a carboxylic acid produce?
A primary alcohol
What do carboxylic acids form with metals or bases?
Salts