Unit 2 Exam

Question 1

Order of flow of genetic information

Answer 1

Transcription to translation
or
cell replication
or
recombination

Question 2

Bacterial genome

Answer 2

chromosome + plasmid

Question 3

DNA Pol 3

Answer 3

synthesizes

Question 4

DNa pół 1

Answer 4

removed primers

Question 5

DNA is read
DNA is synthesized

Answer 5

3’-5’
5’-3’

Question 6

proofreading is done

Answer 6

1 in every 10^10 bases

Question 7

e. coli has how many base pairs and genes

Answer 7

4.8 x 10^6 bp and 4300 genes

Question 8

phenotype

Answer 8

physical representation of the genome

Question 9

genotype

Answer 9

genome

Question 10

Bacteria was frist discovered

Answer 10

3.2-3.5 billion years ago

Question 11

Order of expression

Answer 11

DNA to RNA to protein

Question 12

bacterial chromosome is what shape

Answer 12

circular meaning replication is continuous

Question 13

ligase

Answer 13

binds Okazaki fragments

Question 14

enzymes make

Answer 14

endotoxins, exotoxins, adhesions, transporters, cell structure

Question 15

start codon

Answer 15

AUG methionine

Question 16

genes are spectated in a list by

Answer 16

number, (), -

Question 17

what percentage of bacterial genes are expressed at all times

Answer 17

60 to 80

Question 18

genes are regulated in bacteria through

Answer 18

feedback inhibition

Question 19

operons

Answer 19

lac and trp

Question 20

lac operon is a what

Answer 20

indictable operon

Question 21

constitutive enzymes are what

Answer 21

on all the time

Question 22

operon

Answer 22

genes in a group will be transcribed as a group

Question 23

if glucose is low or high what happens

Answer 23

glucose is high lactose is low
glucose is low lactose is high

Question 24

an inducer

Answer 24

allolactose

Question 25

in lac operon

Answer 25

repressors are constantly made unless glucose is absent then lactose is high

Question 26

types of mutations

Answer 26

silent
missense
nonsense
frameshift insertion
deletion

Question 27

the Ames test

Question 28

horizontal gene transfer results in

Answer 28

genetic recombination
contributes party of its genome to a recipient cell

Question 29

transformation

Answer 29

Griffiths experiment - mice with r and s strain “dead” DNA, incorporating healthy DNA and bringing dead DNA back to life

Question 30

conjugation

Question 31

transduction

Answer 31

bacteriophage, virus that infects bacterial wall 2 types

Question 32

types of transduction

Answer 32

lytic cycle-
lysogentic cycle- takes longer does not immediately kill its host
enters, incorporates, relocated, stressor, degradable material, release

Question 33

Plasmids serve as

Answer 33

vectors, they allow pieces of DNA to be transferred

Question 34

restriction enzymes

Answer 34

Made by bacteria, serve as scissors to slice very specific prices of DNA

Question 35

PCR

Answer 35

polymerase chain reaction

Question 36

PCR steps

Answer 36

Denaturing 95 degrees, separate DNA
Annealing 55 degrees, primers
Extend, replicates

Question 37

gel electrophoresis

Answer 37

helps to visualize DNA

Question 38

applications of genetic engineering

Answer 38

antibiotic production, pathogen detection, bioremediation, vaccine production