Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Unit 4 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 4 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What did Ehrlich do?

A

German scientist using arsenic for chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Fleming do?

A

founder of penicillin (chemo - fungus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chemotherapeutic agents

A

drugs used to treat diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

antimicrobial agents

A

antibacterial/antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

broad spectrum drug + example

A

used to treat many infections -oflaxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

narrow spectrum drug + example

A

specific to treat illness - clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bacteriostatic

A

lowers the levels of bacteria (keeps levels static)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bactericidal

A

kills off bacterial completely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

antibiotics need to be

A
  1. nontoxic to the host
  2. able to reach the site of infection
  3. hypoallergenic
  4. effective always, no resistance
  5. not readily metabolized by host
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

(mode of antibacterial agents) inhibition of cell wall synthesis

A

penicillin - stops cell walls by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(mode of antibacterial agents) disruption of cell membrane function

A

(anti fungal) - polymyxin, bacitracin, neomycin - inhibits ergosterol (like cholesterol in humans) synthesis, causes Mac attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

inhibition of protein synthesis

A

streptomycin - inhibit protein synthesis by replacing tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

A

quinolones - structurally similar to nucleotides, takes place of nucleotide + stops synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

interference with metabolic reactions

A

sulfonamides - competitive inhibition, sulfa drugs - bacteria make folic acid naturally, these drugs blocks the synthesis of folic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

opportunistic infections lead to

A

superinfections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

superinfection

A

an infection occurring on top of or after an earlier infection, especially after broad spectrum antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

E-test

A

determine the minimum inhibition concentration or MIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Kirby-bauer disk diffusion is used for

A

determining the antibiotic to use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

antibiotics that work together

A

synergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

antibiotics that interfere with one another

A

antagonism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

side effects of antimicrobials

A

liver/kidney damage, hearing impairment, interactions, allergic responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

long term use of penicillin allows

A

colonization of gut with resistant gram - and fungi such as Candida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

antibiotics ____ mutations

A

do not induce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

R plasmids can be used to

A

transfer antibiotic resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

HA

A

hospital acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

CA

A

community acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

CA and HA are

A

nosocomial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

R plasmids

A

antibiotics do not indict the formation of these plasmids bit Ising antibiotics selects for strains that carry these plasmids

29
Q

(mechanisms of resistance) alteration of target

A

change the target so the antimicrobial cannot bind

30
Q

(mechanisms of resistance) alteration of proteins

A

in cell membranes so permeability is altered and does not allow antimicrobial agents

31
Q

(mechanisms of resistance) development of enzymes

A

can destroy antimicrobial agent

32
Q

(mechanisms of resistance) rapid efflux

A

pumping the drug out of the cell before it has effect

33
Q

how to throat resistance

A
  1. maintain antibiotic for long enough
  2. use 2 antibiotics to counter resistance
  3. restrict the use of antibiotics
34
Q

idiopathic

A

a disease that arises spontaneously with no known cause

35
Q

endemic

A

a debase regularly occurring within an area/community

36
Q

epidemic

A

a widespread occurs of an infection disease in a community at a particular time

37
Q

pandemic

A

a widespread occurs of an infectious disease over a whole country/world at a particular time

38
Q

latent

A

usual symptoms are not yet manifested

39
Q

sequelae

A

a contain which is the consequence of a previous disease

40
Q

subclinical infection

A

associated with no detectable symptoms but vase by microorganisms capable of producing disease

41
Q

Reservoir

A

of an infectious agent is the habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies

42
Q

iatrogenic

A

caused by medical procedures

43
Q

direct transmission

A

bitten, rabies, rat bite, syphilis

44
Q

indirect transmission

A

vehicle: fomite, air, water, food
vector: bugs

45
Q

prodromal

A

between the apparent of initial symptoms and the full development

46
Q

period of convalescence

A

recovery

47
Q

phases of disease

A

incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence

48
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria pneumonia
cloudiness on x-rays, alveoli fill with fluid

49
Q

Coccidioides immitis is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

fungi valley fever
ongoing cough and rashes
airborne
non-communicable

50
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria
TB chronic - respiratory system
multidrugs to treat
V.F. tubercle
communicable airborne

51
Q

Campylobacter jejuni is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria
food poisoning
zoo tonic - non communicable
food borne from normal flora in uncooked poultry

52
Q

Staphylococcus aureus is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria gram +
food poisoning aka staphylococcus intoxication
nausea, vomiting, retching, cramping
#1 cause of food poisoning
non communicable food borne
v.f. enterotoxin

53
Q

Salmonella typhimurium is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria
salmonella
outside of Mellons
non communicable
food borne
ID 50=15 to 20 cells
v.f. vesicle

54
Q

Heliobacter pylori is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria
H pylori
ulcers and bloody stool
non communicable
increase risk of cancer

55
Q

Giardia lamblia is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

Protozoa
giardia
clownface
communicable
food and water borne
most common intestinal parasite

56
Q

Staphylococcus aureus is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria
MRSA, scalded skin syndrome, impetigo
integumentary system
affects most parts of the body
MRSA -> 50-70% nosocomial infections

57
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria gram -
integumentary system
v.f. endotoxins
2nd most common nosocomial infection
food and water borne through fomites
normal flora in humans
colonize on medical equipment

58
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes group a, is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria
pharyngitis strep throat, scarlet fever, impetigo, N.F.
heat and tonsils heat
communicable
airborne
exit and entry portal the same

59
Q

Streptococcus agalacticae Group B is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria
group B strep, bacterimia
pneumonia, mengititis
swab before brith in pregnancy
STD
1% of infections in newborns, 50-70% mortal

59
Q

Treponema pallidum is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria
syphilis
genital urinary stratum STI STD
has primary 2, 3, 4 infections
Tertiary infection is systematic and leads to death
the great imitator
congenital can lead to curved limbs and flat face
Affects ALL ORGAN SYSTEMS

60
Q

chlamydia trachomatis is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria
chlamydia, conjunctivitis
genital
STI
v.f. elementary bodies
leading cause of reproductive issues in women

61
Q

Candida albicans is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

fungus
yeast infection, athletes foot, oral thrush
red rash
genital STI

62
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria g-
gonorrhea
genital
blindness in babies, odd odor and discharge from men, itchiness

63
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

protozoa
genital
STI
bubbly vaginal discharge
30-50% women in western world are infected
infected and diagnostic stage

64
Q

Yersinia pestis is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria
nervous
bubonic plague, pneumonic plague
hemorrhaging and 100% mortal pneumonic
spread through vector like rat flea
endemic

65
Q

clostridium tetani is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria
tetanus
nervous
cramping
non communicable
fomite

66
Q

clostridium botulinum is a what? and causes? method of transmission? communicable?

A

bacteria
botulism
nervous
relaxed
food borne
adult is intoxicated
infant is infected
1g bootie can kill 1 million people

67
Q

naegleria fowleri

A

Protozoa
nervous
brain eating bacteria
water borne

Microbiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions