Unit 5 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What size are viruses
Smaller than bacteria
measured in nanometers
Capsid
a protein coat surrounding the Euclid acid core
attached to the outer layer
smaller units are called capsomeres
envelope
some viruses have these
the outer most layer
lipid bilayer sounding the capsids
viruses without these are called naked
virion
a completely assembled virus
spiked
glycoproteins
project from the outer later and attach the virions to receptors on the host cells
either hemoglutinin or neurominadase
protyolitic enzymes
breaks down capsid to release genetic material
multiplication of animal viruses
- attachment
- entry
- uncoating
- synthesis
- maturation
- release
- shedding
- transmission
attachment
spiked to receptor host cell
entry
fission - fusing of membranes to naked virus
endocytosis - meshed into the host cell
uncoating
breaks down capsid and releases genetic material
synthesis
replication transcription translation
maturation
virions are assembled
release
released to neighboring cells
How to detect viruses
- PCR techniques
- cell culture looking for CPE
- antigen detection with florescent antibodies
- EM
- detect antibodies to viruses
Prions
rouge proteins
9 animal diseases neurological
all fatal
pathogenesis: changes structures of normal proteins
viroids
single circular piece of RNA
does not code
causes plant diseases
for humans Hep D
interferes with translation
Acute
disease develops rabidly with many symptoms
chronic
long term continuous shedding of virus
latent
cannot be detected
Proto-oncogenes
are genes that can help cells replicate.
Oncogenes
are gens that have the capability to change the cell into a tumor cell.
Tumor
suppression genes are genes that encode for proteins that regulate cell division.
Oncoviruses
are viruses that can cause cancer.
