Unit 2 Module 5 Flashcards
(17 cards)
Hypothesis
a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Theory
an explanation using an integrated setr of principles that organizes observations and predicts bahviors or events
Operational definition
a carefully worded statemtn of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study.
Replication
repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whther the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances
Three ways to test a hypothesis
Descriptive methods, correlational methods, experimental methods
Descriptive methods
descriptive behaviors, often by using case studies, surveys, or naturalistic observations
Correlational methods
anything that contributes to a result
Experimental methods
manipulate varables to discover their effects
A good theory has?
A testable hypothesis
A good theory does what?
- organizes a range of self reports and observations
- leads to a clear hypothesis
- often stimulates research that leads to a revised theory which better organizes and predicts what we know
Case study
A descriptive technique in which one idvidual or group is studied in depeth in the hope of revealing universal principles
Naturalistic Observation
Observing and recording beahvior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
Survey
A technique for ascerting the self-reprted attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a repsentitive, random sample of the group
Sampling Bias
A flawed sampling proccess that produces an unrepresentitive sample
Population
All those in a goup being studied, from which examples may be drawn
Random Sample
A sample that fairly represents a population becayse each member has an equal chance of inclusion
The difference between theory and hypothesis
A theory consists of more facts
