Unit 2: Nutrition

Question 1

_____ is associated with micronutrient deficiencies, inflammation/infection, and intergenerational effects

Answer 1

Stunting

Question 2

_____ is the single most important factor in preventing mortality for children under the age of 5.

Answer 2

Breastfeeding

Question 3

______ accounts for ~20% of maternal mortality.

Answer 3

Undernutrition

Question 4

Albumin levels _____ during times of inflammation or stress.

Answer 4

Decrease

Question 5

Early in starvation, there is ______ utilization of glucose and ______ utilization of fatty acids and ketone bodies

Answer 5

Increased; decreased

Question 6

How many calories are in 100ml of D5?

Answer 6

20 kcal (5g. X 4 kcal/g)

Question 7

In Kwashiorkor, there is ______ energy intake

Answer 7

adequate

Question 8

Late in starvation, there is ______ utilization of glucose and ______ utilization of fatty acids and ketone bodies

Answer 8

Decreased; increased

Question 9

List three benefits of a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low fat dairy, and healthy oils

Answer 9

Decreased mortality, Decreased CV risk, BP Reduction

Question 10

Marasmus is ____-onset with ____ adaptation, while Kwashiorkor is _____-onset with _____ adaptation

Answer 10

slower; better; faster; poorer

Question 11

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Associated infections

Answer 11

Kwashiorkor

Question 12

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Diarrhea

Answer 12

Both

Question 13

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Hepatomegaly

Answer 13

Kwashiorkor

Question 14

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Loss of muscle and fat

Answer 14

Marasmus

Question 15

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Significant Edema

Answer 15

Kwashiorkor

Question 16

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Significant psychological impairment

Answer 16

Kwashiorkor

Question 17

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Skin lesions and hair chainges

Answer 17

Kwashiorkor

Question 18

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Weight loss

Answer 18

Both

Question 19

Name 4 effective maternal interventions/supplements.

Answer 19

Folate, balanced proteins supplement, multivitamin supplement, calcium supplement

Question 20

Patients are typically fed _____ kcal/kg/day.

Answer 20

25-35

Question 21

Refeeding syndrome may cause ____-phosphatemia secondary to _____ insulin secretion

Answer 21

hypo; increased

Question 22

Refeeding syndrome may cause ___-kalemia secondary to _____ insulin secretion

Answer 22

hypo; increased

Question 23

Refeeding syndrome may cause rapid consumption of _____, which are used as cofactors.

Answer 23

Magnesium, thiamine

Question 24

SoFAS account for ~__% of caloric intake in the average American diet

Answer 24

35

Question 25

Stunting is _____ common than wasting.

Answer 25

More

Question 26

Stunting: low ____ for ____

Answer 26

length; age

Question 27

The risk for undernutrition is greater for ______ (males/females) in ______ (urban/rural) areas

Answer 27

Males; rural

Question 28

Underweight: low ____ for _____

Answer 28

weight; age

Question 29

Wasting: low ____ for _____

Answer 29

weight; length

Question 30

What are the definitions for mild, moderate, and severe stunting as a function of % median length for age?

Answer 30

90-94%; 85-89%,

Question 31

What are the definitions for mild, moderate, and severe wasting as a function of % of median/ideal body weight?

Answer 31

80-89%; 75-79%;

Question 32

What is the average protein requirement for sick patients?

Answer 32

0.8-1g/kg/day

Question 33

What is the physiologic pattern in kwashiorkor? _____ insulin

Answer 33

increased

Question 34

What is the physiologic pattern in kwashiorkor? ______ albumin synthesis

Answer 34

decreased

Question 35

What is the physiologic pattern in kwashiorkor? ______ fatty acid synthesis in the liver

Answer 35

increased

Question 36

What is the physiologic pattern in kwashiorkor? ______ transferrin levels

Answer 36

decreased

Question 37

What is the reponse to marasmus? ______ BMR

Answer 37

decreased

Question 38

What is the response to marasmus? ____ cardiac output

Answer 38

decreased

Question 39

What is the response to marasmus? ____ HR/BP

Answer 39

decreased

Question 40

What is the response to marasmus? _____ gluconeogenesis in the liver

Answer 40

decreased

Question 41

What is the response to marasmus? _____ utilization of triglycerides in muscle

Answer 41

increased

Question 42

What is the response to marasmus? ______ GI motility and secretions

Answer 42

decreased

Question 43

What is the response to marasmus? ______ insulin

Answer 43

decreased

Question 44

What is the response to marasmus? ______ protein degradation in muscle

Answer 44

decreased

Question 45

What is the response to marasmus? _______ catecholamines

Answer 45

increased

Question 46

What is the response to marasmus? _______ thyroid activity

Answer 46

decreased

Question 47

What type of diet may be considered for patients in respiratory failure on a ventilator?

Answer 47

High fat diet

Question 48

What type of dietary restrictions may be considered for patients with liver failure?

Answer 48

Protein, Salt/water

Question 49

What type of dietary restrictions may be considered for patients with renal failure?

Answer 49

Protein

Question 50

When should hospital-based feeding be initiated? Previously poorly nourished with minimal acute illness

Answer 50

5-7 days

Question 51

When should hospital-based feeding be initiated? Previously porrly nourished with serious acute illness

Answer 51

3-5 days

Question 52

When should hospital-based feeding be initiated? Previously well nourished with minimal acute illness

Answer 52

10-14 days

Question 53

When should hospital-based feeding be initiated? Previously well nourished with serious acute illness

Answer 53

5-7 days

Question 54

Which measurement? Averae daily intake required to meetin nutrient requirements for 95%+ of the population, good assessment of intake needs for an individual

Answer 54

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Question 55

Which measurement? Intake estimated to meet requirements for 50% of the population; good assessment of need for a group

Answer 55

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Question 56

Which measurement? Sets upper limits for nutrients; less emphasis on deficiency prevention/more emphasis on chronic disease prevention

Answer 56

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Question 57

Which pathologic pattern? Edematous protein energy malnutrition usually without wasting

Answer 57

Kwashiorkor

Question 58

Which pathologic pattern? Energy deficiency that is not reversed with feeding

Answer 58

Cachexia

Question 59

Which pathologic pattern? Severe wasting due to energy deficiency

Answer 59

Marasmus

Question 60

Which supplements are most important for infants?

Answer 60

Zinc, Vitamin A