Unit 2: Vitamins and Micronutrients

Question 1

_______, which is high in corn, legumes, and nuts, impairs absorption of Zn and Fe.

Answer 1

Phytate

Question 2

High levels of _____ decrease Fe absorption.

Answer 2

Zn, Cu

Question 3

Iron absorption is decreased in response to ______ released by the liver.

Answer 3

Hepcidin

Question 4

Liver or renal disease and dark skin are risk factors for which vitamin deficiency?

Answer 4

D

Question 5

Newborns should receive an IM injection of which vitamin to avoid deficiency?

Answer 5

K

Question 6

What amount defines vitamin D deficiency? What concentration is a threshold for developing rickets?

Question 7

What are dietary source of Vitamin C?

Answer 7

Fruits/Vegetables

Question 8

What are dietary sources for B1/thiamine? (4)

Answer 8

Whole grains, enriched grains, lean pork, legumes

Question 9

What are dietary sources for B2/riboflavin? (5)

Answer 9

Liver, wheat germ, dairy, meats leafy greens

Question 10

What are dietary sources of B12/cobalamin?

Answer 10

Animal products only

Question 11

What are dietary sources of B3/niacin? (4)

Answer 11

Meats/poultry, fish, legumes, peanut butter

Question 12

What are dietary sources of B6/pyridoxine? (3)

Answer 12

Animal products, vegetables, whole grains

Question 13

What are dietary sources of carotenoids that are precursors for vitamin A?

Answer 13

yellow/orange and green vegetables

Question 14

What are dietary sources of folate? (3)

Answer 14

Green vegetables, orange juice, whole grains (especially fortified whole grains)

Question 15

What are dietary sources of iron? (4)

Answer 15

Heme: animal proteins; non-heme: legumes, nuts, whole grains

Question 16

What are dietary sources of preformed vitamin A? (4)

Answer 16

Liver, diary, egg yolks, fish oil

Question 17

What are dietary sources of vitamin D? (4)

Answer 17

Fish liver oils, fatty fish, egg yolks, fortified milk/sources

Question 18

What are dietary sources of vitamin E? (2)

Answer 18

Wheat germ, polyunsaturated vegetable oils

Question 19

What are dietary sources of zinc? (4)

Answer 19

Animal products, legumes, seeds, whole grains

Question 20

What are sources of vitamin K? (4)

Answer 20

Leafy vegetables, seeds, nuts, intestinal synthesis

Question 21

Which vitamin derivative is a negative acute phase reactant (decreases with inflammation)?

Answer 21

A (retinol)

Question 22

Which vitamin? 1-carbon transfers, metabolism of odd-number chain fatty acids, involved in protein and nucleic acid synthesis

Answer 22

B12/cobalamin

Question 23

Which vitamin? Antioxidant, involved in collagen synthesis and norepinephrine synthesis

Answer 23

C

Question 24

Which vitamin? Antioxidant/free radical scavenger, stabilizes cell membranes

Answer 24

E

Question 25

Which vitamin? Calcium and phosphate regulation, generation of toxic radicals, cellular growth and differentiation

Answer 25

D

Question 26

Which vitamin? Cofactor for carboxylation of clotting proteins

Answer 26

K

Question 27

Which vitamin? Functions in metabolic reactions, including those involving vitamin K, folate, B6, and niacin

Answer 27

B2/riboflavin

Question 28

Which vitamin? Functions in vision

Answer 28

A

Question 29

Which vitamin? Involved in amino acid metabolism

Answer 29

B6/pyridoxine

Question 30

Which vitamin? Methyl donor in DNA methylation and conversion of homocystine to methionine

Answer 30

Folate

Question 31

Which vitamin? Precursor for a coenzyme in metabolic reactions, may function in nerve conduction

Answer 31

B1/thiamine

Question 32

Which vitamin? Precursor for cofactors FAD and FMN

Answer 32

B2/riboflavin

Question 33

Which vitamin? Precursor molecule for NAD/NADP

Answer 33

B3/Niacin

Question 34

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with a rash?

Answer 34

A, K, B3, C

Question 35

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with anemia?

Answer 35

B6, B12, folate, C

Question 36

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with glossitis?

Answer 36

B6, B12

Question 37

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with mouth lesions?

Answer 37

B2, B6, B12, folate, C

Question 38

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with neurologic signs?

Answer 38

E, B1, B3, B12, C

Question 39

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with skin signs consistent with bleeding into the skin?

Answer 39

C, K

Question 40

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with skin signs consisting of a symmetric rash exacerbated by heat/sun exposure?

Answer 40

B3

Question 41

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with skin signs that involve dryness?

Answer 41

A

Question 42

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Acrodermatitis enteropathica

Answer 42

Zinc

Question 43

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Anemia, impaired cognitive function and growth

Answer 43

Iron

Question 44

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Anemia, seizures, glossitis

Answer 44

B6/pyridoxine

Question 45

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Associated with isoniazid use and end-stage renal disease

Answer 45

B6/pyridoxine

Question 46

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Can take years to develop, classically occurs in strict vegetarians

Answer 46

B12/cobalamin

Question 47

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Cheilosis and angular stomatitis, increased vascularization of conjunctiva, photophobia, Seborrheic and scrotal dermatitis

Answer 47

B2/riboflavin

Question 48

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Childhood rickets: bowed legs, widened metaphyses, painful bones, rachitic rosary on ribs

Answer 48

D

Question 49

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Dermatitis, diarrhea, immune dysfunction, delayed wound healing, taste impairment, anorexia, personality changes

Answer 49

Zinc

Question 50

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Growth delays/stunting, anorexia, impaired immune function, impaired neurocognitive development

Answer 50

Zinc

Question 51

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn with bleeding into the skin, GI tract, and CNS

Answer 51

K

Question 52

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Hypersegmented neutrophils, glossitis, increased incidence of neural tube closure defects

Answer 52

Folate

Question 53

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Hypersegmented neutrophils, paresthesias, gait problems, depression

Answer 53

B12/cobalamin

Question 54

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Increased risk in Asian populations with high reliance on refined rice

Answer 54

B1/thiamine

Question 55

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Most common deficiency globally

Answer 55

Iron

Question 56

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Neurologic degeneration with loss of DTRs, spinocerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, ophthalmoplegia, hemolytic anemia

Answer 56

E

Question 57

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Night blindness, xerophthalmia, Bitot's spots, immune dysregulation, dryness and keratinization of epithelia

Answer 57

A

Question 58

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Nystagmus, opthalmoplegia, ataxia, amnesia/confusion

Answer 58

B1/thiamine/Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Question 59

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Occurring after months of poor intake especially in areas where corn is a major source of proteins and calories, increased risk with carcinoid syndrome

Answer 59

B3/Niacin

Question 60

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Occurs classically in infants or children that are fed goat's milk

Answer 60

Folate

Question 61

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Osteoporosis in adults

Answer 61

D

Question 62

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Peripheral neuropathy with sensor/motor/DTR impairment, muscle tenderness/weakness atrophy

Answer 62

B1/thiamine/Dry beriberi

Question 63

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Peripheral neuropathy with sensor/motor/DTR impairment, muscle tenderness/weakness atrophy, high output cardiac failure, edema

Answer 63

B1/thiamine/Wet beriberi

Question 64

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Petechiae, bleeding gums, anemia, painful joints

Answer 64

C/Scurvy

Question 65

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Prolonged coagulation times

Answer 65

K

Question 66

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Symmetric dermatitis aggravated by sun/heat exposure, dementia, diarrhea

Answer 66

B3/Niacin/Pellagra

Question 67

Which vitamin/micronutrient toxicity? Coagulopathy

Answer 67

K

Question 68

Which vitamin/micronutrient toxicity? Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, shock acidosis, coagulation defects, hepatic failure

Answer 68

Iron

Question 69

Which vitamin/micronutrient toxicity? Hypercalcemia, vomiting, seizures, nephrocalcinosis and soft tissue calcification

Answer 69

D

Question 70

Which vitamin/micronutrient toxicity? Low potential for toxicity, may impair Fe and Cu absorption

Answer 70

Zinc

Question 71

Which vitamin/micronutrient toxicity? Vomiting, increased ICP, headache, bone pain, liver damage, birth defects

Answer 71

A