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Metabolism and Nutrition > Unit 2: Weight > Flashcards

Unit 2: Weight Flashcards

1
Q

____ blocks the effect of ____ at melanocotin receptors.

A

AgRP; alpha-MSH

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2
Q

Define the criteria for metabolic syndrome

A

3 of the following: BP systolic >130/diastolic >85, Waist circumference >35/40, Fasting glucose >100, Triglycerides >150, HDL less than 40(m)/50(f)

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3
Q

Ghrelin levels are generally ______ after bariatric surgery

A

decreased

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4
Q

Knockout of NPY results in increased ______ (hunger/satiety).

A

satiety

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5
Q

Knockout of the POMC gene results in loss of ___ and increased ______ (hunger/satiety)

A

alpha-MSH; hunger

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6
Q

Leptin inhibits _____ neurons and activates _____ neurons

A

NPY/AgRP; alpha-MSH/CART

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7
Q

Name 4 categories of drugs with weight-gain side effects

A

Anti-diabetic, anti-psychotic/mood stabilizing, contraceptives, glucocorticoids

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8
Q

Name 5 national weight control registry interventions.

A

Moderately low fat/high carb diet, frequent self-monitoring, eat breakfast, large amounts of physical acitivty, limit TV viewing

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9
Q

Name a dermatologic complication of pediatric obesity.

A

Acanthosis nigricans

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10
Q

Name cancers that have increased risk with obesity. (6)

A

Breast, endometrial, prostate, colon, gallbladder, kidney

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11
Q

Name endocrine complications of pediatric obesity.

A

T2D, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Hypothyroidism

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12
Q

Name GI complications of pediatric obesity.

A

NAFLD, constipation

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13
Q

Name hormone(s) derived from the GI tract that promote feeding.

A

Ghrelin

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14
Q

Name hormone(s) derived from the GI tract that promote satiety

A

CCK, GLP-1, Peptide YY

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15
Q

Name neurologic and psychiatric complications of pediatric obesity.

A

Pseudotumor cerebri, depression/anxiety, eating disorders

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16
Q

Name orthopedic complications of pediatric obesity

A

Blount Disease, Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

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17
Q

Name pulmonary complications of pediatric obesity.

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome

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18
Q

Name the BMI criteria for when medical therapy is indicated.

A

BMI>27 + comorbidities or BMI>30

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19
Q

Name the BMI criteria for when surgical therapy is indicated.

A

BMI>35 + comorbidities or BMI>40

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20
Q

Name two factors involved in long-term body mass regulation.

A

Leptin, insulin

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21
Q

What factors are produced by neurons in the arcuate nucleus that promote feeding behaviors?

A

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP)

22
Q

What factors are produced by neurons in the arcuate nucleus that promote satiety?

A

alpha-Melanocortin Stimulating Hormone (alpha-MSH) and Cocaine and Amphetamine Related Transcript (CART)

23
Q

What factors are produced by the lateral hypothalamus to mediate feeding behaviors?

A

Melanin Concentrating Hormone (MCH) and orexins

24
Q

What is the prevalence of sleep apnea in obese individuals?

A

40% (m) / 3% (f)

25
Q

What region serves as the “hunger center” in the brain?

A

Lateral Hypothalamus

26
Q

What region serves as the “satiety center” in the brain?

A

Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus

27
Q

Which surgical weight loss procedure has the highest effectiveness and highest risks?

A

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

28
Q

Which surgical weight loss procedure has the intermediate effectiveness and intermediate risks?

A

Sleeve Gastrectomy

29
Q

Which surgical weight loss procedure has the lowest effectiveness and least risks?

A

Laparoscopic Banding

30
Q

Which therapy technique/tool/theory? Behavior change only occurs if the patient perceives real, serious risk/harm, has experienced a compelling cue to action, and has confidence they can perform a behavior change they deem effective

A

Health Belief Model

31
Q

Which therapy technique/tool/theory? Involves examination and resolution of ambivalence

A

Motivational Interviewing

32
Q

Which therapy technique/tool/theory? Involves identification of ideas that lead to undesired behaviors, focusing more on behaviors than values. Motivation, or ambivalence

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

33
Q

Which therapy technique/tool/theory? Tries to connect an individual’s core values with their need to change a health behavior

A

Value-Based Counseling

34
Q

Which therapy technique/tool/theory? Used diagnostically to determine where a patient is in their decision to make a change

A

Stages of Change model

35
Q

Which therapy technique/tool/theory? Useful when the patient does not agree with the provider or does not think change is necessary

A

Health Belief Model

36
Q

Which weight loss drug? $100/month, available OTC

A

Orlistat

37
Q

Which weight loss drug? 10-12% weight loss; greatest weight loss

A

Phentermine/Topiramate

38
Q

Which weight loss drug? 4-5% weight loss, mildest side effects: headache/dizziness/nausea (minimal)

A

Lorcasarin

39
Q

Which weight loss drug? Cheapest, only approved for three months of use

A

Phentermine

40
Q

Which weight loss drug? Decreases BP, glucose, and insulin; increases HDL

A

Phentermine/Topiramate

41
Q

Which weight loss drug? Highly teratogenic

A

Phentermine/Topiramate

42
Q

Which weight loss drug? Increases norepinephrine in the brain

A

Phentermine

43
Q

Which weight loss drug? Inhibits pancreatic lipase, 5-8% weight loss

A

Orlistat

44
Q

Which weight loss drug? Intermediate effectiveness and side effect profile

A

Bupropion/Naltrexone

45
Q

Which weight loss drug? Safest weight loss medication

A

Orlistat

46
Q

Which weight loss drug? Serotonin 2C agonist

A

Lorcasarin

47
Q

Which weight loss drug? Side effects: dry mouth, paresthesias, insomnia, dizziness, anxiety, irritability, attention disturbance

A

Phentermine/Topiramate

48
Q

Which weight loss drug? Side effects: HTN, headache, nervousness

A

Phentermine

49
Q

Which weight loss drug? Side effects: nausea, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, headache

A

Bupropion/Naltrexone

50
Q

Which weight loss drug? Stimulates hypothalamic POMC neurons, alters reward pathway

A

Bupropion/Naltrexone

Metabolism and Nutrition (10 decks)

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