Unit 2-> Organelles and Transport

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

contains nearly all the cell’s DNA and, with it, the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules

Question 2

Cytoskeleton

Answer 2

helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in movement

Question 3

Ribosome

Answer 3

produce proteins by following coded instructions that come from DNA

Question 4

Vacuole

Answer 4

stores materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates

Question 5

Vesicles

Answer 5

store and move around materials between cell organelles / to and from the cell surface

Question 6

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 6

contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks

Question 7

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 7

proteins from ribosomes are inserted into the rough ER, where they may be chemically modified

Question 8

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 8

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials for the er for storage in the cell or release outside the cell

Question 9

Lysosome

Answer 9

Breaks down macromolecules into small molecules that can used by the rest of the cell

Are involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness

Question 10

Mitochondrion/ Mitochondria

Answer 10

converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use (ATP)

Question 11

Chloroplast

Answer 11

captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into food that contains chemical energy (photosynthesis)
only in plants

Question 12

Cell Wall

Answer 12

supports, shapes, and protects the cell
only in plants

Question 13

Cell Membrane

Answer 13

regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell

Question 14

Centrioles

Answer 14

helps organize cell division
animal only

Question 15

Nucleolus

Answer 15

produces and assembles the cell’s ribosomes

Question 16

The Cell Theory

Answer 16

1.Cells are the basic unit of life
2. All living things are made of cells
3. Cells come from other cells

Question 17

Prokaryotes

Answer 17

cells that lack a nucleus
have free-floating DNA

Question 18

Eukaryotes

Answer 18

cells that have a nucleus
have nucleus-bound DNA

Question 19

Diffusion

Answer 19

type of passive transport
the net movement of anything generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in Gibbs free energy or chemical potential.

Question 20

hypotonic

Answer 20

water leaving the cell

Question 21

hypertonic

Answer 21

water coming into the cell

higher concentration of solute

Question 22

isotonic

Answer 22

equilibrium

Question 23

facilitated diffusion

Answer 23

a passive process that moves molecules across a cell membrane with the help of proteins

Question 24

osmosis

Answer 24

the process by which water molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration

Question 25

Protein Pumps

Answer 25

Active Transport transmembrane proteins that actively transport molecules across biological membranes against their concentration or electrochemical gradients

Question 26

Endocytosis

Answer 26

process when substances are internalized into the cell by engulfing them in a membrane bound vesicle

Question 27

Exocytosis

Answer 27

a cellular process where a cell releases large molecules or substances from its interior to the outside by fusing a membrane-bound vesicle containing the material with the cell membrane

Question 28

Homeostasis

Answer 28

relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions. to maintain homeostasis, unicellular organisms grow, respond to the environment, transform energy, and reproduce

Question 29

Organization

Answer 29

Tissue Organ Organ System

Question 30

difference between animal cells and plant cells

Answer 30

Plant cells have a cell wall in addition to a cell membrane, whereas animal cells have only a cell membrane. Plants use cell walls to provide structure to the plant. Plant cells contain organelles called chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.

Question 31

Light Microscope

Answer 31

creating a magnified image through the use of a series of glass lenses, which first focus a beam of light onto or through an object, and convex objective lenses to enlarge the image formed.

Question 32

Transmission Electron Microscope

Answer 32

a technique of imaging the internal structure of solids using a beam of high-energy electrons transmitted through the solid

Question 33

Scanning Electron Micrograph

Answer 33

creates a 3d image pencil like beam is scanned over the surface of a specimen