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Unit 2, Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

sleep

A

a periodic natural loss of consciousness

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2
Q

circadian rhythm

A

the body’s 24-hour internal clock, that is when a person naturally falls asleep and feels awake.

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3
Q

stages of sleep

A

Nrem1, Nrem2, Nrem3, back to rem and repeat the process spending more time in REM and less time in Nrem3 as you approach morning

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4
Q

alpha waves (waking)

A

relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed awake state before you fall asleep

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5
Q

beta waves (waking)

A

state of alertness and mental activity

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6
Q

NREM-1

A

the first sleep stage you enter when falling asleep

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7
Q

NREM-2

A

the second stage after falling asleep

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8
Q

NREM-3 (delta waves)

A

deep slow brain waves, environmental noise may not wake a person

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9
Q

REM sleep

A

rapid eye movement sleep, a reoccurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. also known as paradoxical sleep because muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active.

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10
Q

hallucinations

A

false sensory experiences such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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11
Q

hypnagogic sensations

A

bizarre experiences such as jerking or a feeling of falling or floating weightlessly while transitioning to sleep

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12
Q

Delta waves

A

the large slow brain waves associated with deep sleep of NREM-3

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13
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm; in response to light the SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness

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14
Q

melatonin

A

a hormone that your brain produces in response to darkness, causes you to be sleepy

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15
Q

functions of sleep - protection

A

protection from darkness and predators during the night

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16
Q

functions of sleep - recuperation

A

the body having time to physically repair while its not consciously active

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17
Q

functions of sleep - restoration & rebuilding

A

clears the mind of toxins, and increases the space between brain cells to flush out toxins that build up during waking hours.

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18
Q

functions of sleep - creativity

A

facilitate insightful behavior and flexible reasoning, you wake up with a refreshed mind

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19
Q

functions of sleep - supporting growth

A

the pituitary glad releases growth hormones during sleep

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20
Q

insomnia

A

reoccurring problems in falling or staying asleep

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21
Q

narcolepsy

A

a sleep disorder causing uncontrollable sleep attacks

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22
Q

sleep apnea

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A

a sleep disorder where you stop breathing during sleep

23
Q

night terrors

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A

nightmare in NREM-3 that you don’t wake up from and often don’t remember

24
Q

dream

Study These Flashcards
A

by-product of brain activity during sleep and are unrelated to any deep psychological Meaning

25
Freudian theory of dreams
everything is related to deeper sexual drives
26
manifest content
the actual content of the dream
27
latent content
the underlying meaning of the dream
28
information processing theory of dreams
suggests that we organize our memories as we sleep
29
physiological function theory of dreams
dreams are a product of neural firing in the brain
30
activation-synthesis theory of dreams
dreams are the result of the cerebral cortex's attempt to make sense of the neural activity occurring in other parts of the brain during sleep
31
cognitive development theory of dreams
dreams help us organize and interpret our everyday life experiences
32
REM rebound
compensatory increase of the frequency, depth, and intensity of rapid-eye-movement sleep following sleep deprivation or significant stressors
33
psychoactive drug
substances that, when taken in or administered into one's system, affect mental processes
34
substance use disorder
a treatable mental disorder that affects a person's brain and behavior, leading to their inability to control their use of substances
35
withdrawal
Physical and mental symptoms that occur after stopping or reducing intake of a drug.
35
tolerance
the body getting used to a substance over time. When someone develops a tolerance, they need to take a higher dose to experience the same effects.
36
depressants
Depressant substances reduce arousal and stimulation
37
alcohol use disorder
A chronic disease characterized by uncontrolled drinking and preoccupation with alcohol.
38
barbiturates
Depressant drugs are used to help sleep, relieve anxiety, and muscle spasms, and prevent seizures.
39
stimulants
a class of drugs that speed up messages traveling between the brain and body
39
opiates
substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects. Medically they are primarily used for pain relief,
40
nicotine
a naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants and is widely used recreationally as a stimulant
41
cocaine
Cocaine is a tropane alkaloid that acts as a central nervous system stimulant. As an extract, it is mainly used recreationally, and often illegally for its euphoric and rewarding effects
42
amphetamines
stimulant drugs that speed up messages between the brain and body
43
methamphetamine
a stimulant that produces euphoria, alertness, and energy
44
Ecstasy (MDMA)
a stimulant and mild hallucinogen that produces emotional elevation
45
hallucinogens
psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes
46
near-death experience
an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death
47
LSD
hallucinogen that creates a visual trip
48
THC
mild hallucinogen that produces enhanced sensation relief of pain, distortion of time, and relaxation
49
consciousness
awareness of internal and external existence
50
Sigmund Freud
an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche
51
William James
helped to found psychology as a formal discipline

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