UNIT 2 (part one)

Question 1

is concerned with the study of helminthes or parasitic worms.

Answer 1

helminthology

Question 2

are trophoblastic metazoa (multi-cellular organisms).

Answer 2

helminthes

Question 3

also cause economic loss as a result of infections of domestic animals.

Answer 3

helminthes

Question 4

sources of parasites

Answer 4

1. Contaminated soil, water, and food.
2. Blood sucking insects or arthropods.
3. Domestic or wild animals harboring the parasite.
4. Person to person.
5. Oneself as in Enterobius vermicularis.

Question 5

how do parasites enter the body?

Answer 5

mouth
skin
respiratory tract by means of inhalation of airborne eggs.

Question 6

classifications of aphasmid (adenophorea) nematodes:

Answer 6

1. Trichuris trichuira
2. Trichinella spiralis
3. Capillaria philippinensis

Question 7

trichuriasis trichuria is also known as

Answer 7

whip worm

Question 8

trichuris trichuira worm that measures 3-4.5 cm in length. Its posterior end is coiled and possesses a single cubicle.

Answer 8

male

Question 9

trichuris trichuira worm measures 4-5 cm in length. Its posterior end is straight Infective stage and mode of infection Infection is by ingestion of eggs containing larvae with contaminated raw vegetables.

Answer 9

female

Question 10

are groups of flat worms

Answer 10

trematodes and cestodes

Question 11

nemato means

Answer 11

thread

Question 12

APHASMID (ADENOPHOREA) NEMATODES are what kind of worms?

Answer 12

roundworms

Question 13

adenos means

Answer 13

glands

Question 14

phoreus means

Answer 14

bearer

Question 15

Ingested eggs hatch in the small intestine) and the larvae migrate to the large intestine to become adult. After mating, the female lays immature eggs, which pass with the stool to the soil and mature in 2 weeks

Answer 15

life cycle of trichuris trichuira (whip worm)

Question 16

where do trichuris trichuira usually live in the body?

Answer 16

cecum and ascending colon

Question 17

The femates begin to oviposit __ to __ days ofter infection. Female worms in the cecum shed between ______ and _________ eggs per day. The life span of the adults is about _ year

Answer 17

30 to 70
3,000
20,000
1

Question 18

size of trichuris trichuira eggs

Answer 18

50-55 micrometers by 20-25 micrometers.

Question 19

what shape do trichuris trichuira eggs posses?

Answer 19

barrel-shaped, thick shelled and a pair of polar plugs at the tips

Question 20

what disease is caused by the ingestion of undercooked meat containing encysted larvae. (except for T. pseudospiralis and I. papuae, which do not encyst)?

Answer 20

trichinellosis

Question 21

two clinical phases of trichinellosis:

Answer 21

intestinal phase
muscle phase

Question 22

lasting 1-7 days - asymptomatic; sometimes cause nausea, vomiting, dianhea, constipation, pain, etc, and

Answer 22

intestinal phase

Question 23

which causes myalgia, palpabral edema, eosinophilia, fever, myocarditis. meningitis, bronchopneumonia etc.

Answer 23

muscle phase

Question 24

diagnosis of trichinellosis:

Answer 24

1. Muscle Biopsy
2. Detection of larvae in blood or CS (Cerebrospinal Fluid )
3. Detection of larvae and adult worms in stool (rare).
4. ELISA

Question 25

treatment of trichinellosis/trichinella spiralis

Answer 25

Thiabendazol

Question 26

prevention of trichinella spiralis/trichinellosis:

Answer 26

1. Cooking of all meat before consumption 2. Inspection of pigs 3. Pork must be stored at -150C for 20 days.

Question 27

treatment for trichuris trichura

Answer 27

Mebendazole: 1 tablet twice daily for 2days.

Question 28

otherwise known as trichinella spiralis (trichinellosis)

Answer 28

trichinosis

Question 29

is a parasitic nematode which causes intestinal capillariasis. sometimes fatal disease was first discovered in Norther Luzon, Philippines in 1964.

Answer 29

capillaria philippinensis

Question 30

The natural life cycle of _________ is believed to involve fish as intermediate hosts and fish-eating birds as definitive hosts) Humans acquire C. philippinensis by eating small species of infested fish whole and raw.

Answer 30

capillaria philippinensis

Question 31

shape of C. philippinensis

Answer 31

peanut-shaped with a striated shell

Question 32

intermediate host of C. philippinensis?

Answer 32

fish

Question 33

definitive host of C. philippinensis?

Answer 33

fish-eating birds

Question 34

larviparous means

Answer 34

giving birth to active larvae

Question 35

while oviparous means

Answer 35

egg-laying

Question 36

Worms create infection by penetrating the ______ of the small intestine and reentering the ______. As they progress into the body, they cause the _______ and _________ to degenerate

Answer 36

mucosa lumen mucosa submucosa

Question 37

symptoms of people infected with C. philippinensis:

Answer 37

1. abdominal pain 2. diarrhea 3. weight loss 4. weakness 5. malaise 6. anorexia 7. emaciation

Question 38

ways to diagnose C. philippinensis:

Answer 38

1. tissue biopsy from the small intestine 2. stool samples

Question 39

treatment of C. philippinensis

Answer 39

200 mg of mebendazole, twice a day for 20 days

Question 40

other drug that can be used to treat C. philippinensis?

Answer 40

albendazole 400 mg, orally for 10 days