UNIT 2 (part two)

Question 1

are un-segmented, elongated and cylindrical. They have separate sexes with separate appearances. They have a tough protective covering or cuticle.

Answer 1

nematodes

Question 2

They have a complete digestive tract with both oral and anal openings. They are free living (Majority) or parasites of humans, plants or animals.

Answer 2

nematodes

Question 3

life cycle of nematodes typically include:

Answer 3

1. egg
2. larvae
3. adult

Question 4

parasitic nematodes are divided into two, which are:

Answer 4

intestinal nematodes and tissue and blood dwelling nematodes

Question 5

intestinal nematodes with tissue stage:

Answer 5

1. ascaris lumbricoides
2. hookworms
3. strongyloides stercoralis

Question 6

intestinal nematodes without tissue stage:

Answer 6

1. enterobius vermicularis
2. trichuris trichuira

Question 7

tissue and blood dwelling nematodes:

Answer 7

1. filarial worms
2. dracunculus medinensis
3. trichinella
4. larva migrans

Question 8

These are common roundworms infecting more than 700 million people worldwide.

Answer 8

ascaris lumbricoides

Question 9

term for ascaris lumbricoides when it causes a disease?

Answer 9

ascariasis

Question 10

male adult worm of ascaris has end that is?

Answer 10

curved ventrally

Question 11

female worm has end that is?

Answer 11

straight

Question 12

mode of infection for ascaris is?

Answer 12

contaminated raw vegetables

Question 13

ingested eggs of ascaris hatch in which part of the small intestine?

Answer 13

duodenum

Question 14

Larvae in the lungs may cause inflammation of the lungs (_______ syndrome) - pneumonia-like symptoms.

Answer 14

loeffler’s

Question 15

diagnosis for ascaris lumbricoides:

Answer 15

1. stool by direct saline smear method
2. demonstration of adult worms

Question 16

egg of ascaris is covered by?

Answer 16

albuminous mamillatins

Question 17

when the outer layer of the egg is absent, it is referred to as?

Answer 17

decorticated eggs

Question 18

unfertile eggs of ascaris contain mainly a mass of?

Answer 18

refractile granules

Question 19

is caused by a series of related nematode species (ascarids) that routinely infect dogs and cats throughout the world.

Answer 19

toxocariasis

Question 20

accidental host of toxocara

Answer 20

humans

Question 21

The larvae penetrate the intestinal wall and are circulated to various tissues such as:

Answer 21

1. liver
2. heart
3. lungs
4. brain
5. muscle
6. eyes

Question 22

toxocara’s mode of transmission is through?

Answer 22

transplacental or transmammary route

Question 23

term used for human infection with certan parasites found in the intestines of dogs and cats

Answer 23

visceral larva migrans (VLM)

Question 24

compulsive eating even on non-food stuff

Answer 24

pica

Question 25

treatment of toxocara canis

Answer 25

thiabendazole or DEC (diethylcarbomazine)

Question 26

two species of hookworm:

Answer 26

1. ancylostoma duodenale (ancylostoma braziliense) 2. necator americanus

Question 27

Gravish-white in color. The body is slightly ventrally curved. The anterior end follows the body curvature. The buccal cavity is provided ventrally with pairs of teeth and dorsally with a notched dental plate.

Answer 27

acylostoma duodenale

Question 28

This species is found in the northern part of the world including China. Japan, Europe, North Africa and Ethiopia.

Answer 28

acylostoma duodenale

Question 29

term for shedding of outer layer

Answer 29

molt

Question 30

mode of infection of acylostoma duodenale

Answer 30

through skin penetration

Question 31

infective stage of larvae

Answer 31

filariform/L3

Question 32

male ancylostoma duodenale has what end?

Answer 32

two long spicules

Question 33

female ancylostoma has what end?

Answer 33

straight

Question 34

larvae that hatch from eggs are 250-300 um long and approximately 15-20 pm wide. They have a long buccal canal and an inconspicuous genital primordium.

Answer 34

rhabditiform

Question 36

L1 is

Answer 36

rhabditiform

Question 37

L3 is

Answer 37

Filariform

Question 38

measure approximately 8-12 mm long and are bursate, with two spicules that do not fuse at their distal ends.

Answer 38

male

Question 39

measure approximately 10-15 mm long. Adults of both sexes have a buccal capsule containing sharp teeth.

Answer 39

female

Question 40

host, oral struct, and geographic distribution of Necator americanus

Answer 40

- humans - 2 cutting plates - Africa, India, Asia, China, central America

Question 41

host, oral struct, and geographic distribution of ancylostoma duodenale

Answer 41

- humans - 2 pairs teeth - Europe, Africa, India, China, Asia, patchy distribution in North and South America

Question 42

host, oral struct, and geographic distribution of ancylostoma ceylancium

Answer 42

- cats, dogs, humans - 2 pairs teeth - sri lanka, india, asia, philippines

Question 43

host, oral struct, and geographic distribution of ancylostoma braziliense

Answer 43

- cats, dogs, humans? - 2 pairs teeth - brazil, africa, sri lanka, indonesia, philippines

Question 44

host, oral struct, and geographic distribution of ancylostoma caninum

Answer 44

- dogs, humans - 3 pairs teeth - worldwide

Question 45

host, oral struct, and geographic distribution of ancylostoma tubaeforme

Answer 45

- cats - 3 pairs teeth - worldwide

Question 46

parasite species of ancylostoma:

Answer 46

1. ancylostoma americanus 2. ancylostoma duodenale 3. ancylostoma ceylancium 4. ancylostoma braziliense 5. ancylostoma caninum 6. ancylostoma tubaeforme

Question 47

stains used for hookworms

Answer 47

hematoxylin and eosin

Question 48

so called American hookworm, is found in predominantly the tropics. The anterior end is hooked against the body curvature. The mouth is provided ventrally and dorsally with cutting plate.

Answer 48

nector americanus

Question 49

measures 8 cm in length. The posterior end is broadened into a membraneous copulatory bursa, which is provided with two long spicules fused distally.

Answer 49

male

Question 50

measures 10 cm in length. The posterior end is straight

Answer 50

female

Question 51

when do ancylostoma egg become infective?

Answer 51

third stage, becoming filariform

Question 52

diagnosis of ancylostoma

Answer 52

Examination of stool by direct saline smear to detect the eggs.

Question 53

treatment of ancylostoma

Answer 53

mebendazole twice daily for 3 days

Question 54

larva migrans are:

Answer 54

1. cutaneous 2. visceral 3. intestinal

Question 55

infects both dogs and cats.

Answer 55

ancylostoma braziliense

Question 56

infects only dogs

Answer 56

ancylostoma caninum

Question 57

both braziliense and caninum are common in what climate?

Answer 57

tropics and subtropical regions

Question 58

treatment of larva migrans

Answer 58

thiabendazole (applied topically) or albendazole

Question 59

A syndrome caused by the migration of parasitic larvae in the viscera of a host for months or years. It may be caused by transient larval migration in the life cycles of several parasites such as hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, T. spiralis, S. strecoralis and other filarial worms.

Answer 59

visceral larva migrans

Question 60

this is a kind of visceral larva caused by toxocara canis (dog ascarid) and toxocara catis (cat ascarid)

Answer 60

toxocariasis

Question 61

hookworms mnemonics

Answer 61

Hookworm A. lumbricoides T. spiralis S. stercoralis

Question 62

clinical features of larva migrans:

Answer 62

- Majority are asymptomatic. - Eosinophilia - Cerebral, myocardial and pulmonary involvement may cause death.

Question 63

diagnosis of larva migrans

Answer 63

identification of larvae tissue

Question 64

treatment of larva migrans

Answer 64

Thiabendazole: 25 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days.

Question 65

This is an extremely rare kind of larva migrans

Answer 65

intestinal larva migrans

Question 66

non-soil transmitted helminths

Answer 66

intestinal larva migrans

Question 68

________ larvae are usually not found in stool, but may be found there is a delay in processing the stool specimen. If larvae are seen in stool, they must be differentiated from the (L1) larvae of Stronyloides stercoralis.

Answer 68

rhabditiform